Development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems.
| Title: | Development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Girling AE; Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne Research Centre, United Kingdom.; Pascoe D; Janssen CR; Peither A; Wenzel A; Schäfer H; Neumeier B; Mitchell GC; Taylor EJ; Maund SJ; Lay JP; Jüttner I; Crossland NO; Stephenson RR; Persoone G |
| Source: | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2000 Feb; Vol. 45 (2), pp. 148-76. |
| Publication Type: | Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7805381 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0147-6513 (Print) Linking ISSN: 01476513 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier |
| MeSH Terms: | Water Pollutants*/analysis ; Water Pollutants*/toxicity; Toxicology/*methods; Aniline Compounds/analysis ; Aniline Compounds/toxicity ; Atrazine/analysis ; Atrazine/toxicity ; Copper/analysis ; Copper/toxicity ; Crustacea/drug effects ; Diptera/drug effects ; Eukaryota/drug effects ; Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis ; Hexachlorocyclohexane/toxicity ; Rotifera/drug effects ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Europe ; Risk Assessment |
| Abstract: | This article presents a summary of a collaborative research program involving five European research groups, that was partly funded by the European Commission under its Environmental Research Program. The objective of the program was to develop aquatic toxicity tests that could be used to obtain data for inclusion at Level 2 of the Risk Evaluation Scheme for the Notification of Substances as required by the 7th Amendment to EC Directive 79/831/EEC. Currently only a very limited number of test methods have been described that can be used for this purpose and these are based on an even smaller number of test species. Tests based upon algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Scenedesmus subspicatus, and Euglena gracilis), protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis), rotifera (Brachionus calyciflorus), crustacea (Gammarus pulex), and diptera (Chironomus riparius) were developed. The tests encompassed a range of end points and were evaluated against four reference chemicals: lindane, 3, 4-dichloroaniline (DCA), atrazine, and copper. The capacity of the tests to identify concentrations that are chronically toxic in the field was addressed by comparing the effects threshold concentrations determined in the laboratory tests with those determined for similar and/or related species and end points in stream and pond mesocosm studies. The lowest no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC), EC(x), or LC(x) values obtained for lindane, atrazine, and copper were comparable with the lowest values obtained in the mesocosms. The lowest chronic NOEC determined for DCA using the laboratory tests was approximately 200 times higher than the lowest NOEC in the mesocosms.; (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants); 20KR9WJ4NS (3,4-dichloroaniline); 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane); 789U1901C5 (Copper); QJA9M5H4IM (Atrazine) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20000129 Date Completed: 20000317 Latest Revision: 20260128 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1006/eesa.1999.1847 |
| PMID: | 10648133 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't