| Title: |
Seroreactivity of clandestinely traded avian influenza vaccines in Nigeria. |
| Authors: |
Oluwadare, Franklyn Ayomide; Inuwa, Bitrus; Nicodemus, Mkpuma; Killo, Ally Omary; Ogunmolawa, Oluyemi; Darang, Anthony; Igah, Olanrewaju; Onidje, Edmond; Asala, Olayinka; Oladele, Omolade; Fagbohun, Olusegun; Meseko, Clement Adebajo |
| Source: |
Pan African Medical Journal One Health; May2025, Vol. 17, p1-11, 11p |
| Subject Terms: |
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; Avian influenza; Poultry farms; Influenza vaccines; Vaccine trials |
| Geographic Terms: |
Nigeria |
| Abstract: |
Introduction: highly pathogenic avian influenza strains like H5N1, pose a significant threat to poultry production in Nigeria. In spite of Nigeria's 'no vaccination' regulation against Avian influenza (AI), there is a clandestine practice of AI vaccination by some poultry farmers. However, the effectiveness of this practice is uncertain. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effectiveness of this practice. Methods: two commercial vaccines were evaluated for antigen content (antigenicity) and immunogenicity. These vaccines were tested using Hemagglutination (HA) test and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Subsequently, the vaccines were administered to experimental chickens, Hemagglutination inhibition and ELISA were used to assess seroconversion. Results: results indicated low levels of hemagglutinating antigen and M1 transcripts, as evidenced by hemagglutination titers below 4 log2 and qPCR cycle threshold values of 30 and 32 in the two vaccines. Seroconversion studies in vaccinated chickens showed GMTs ranged from 12 to 80. ELISA at day 28 post first vaccination revealed 40% and 80% seropositivity for vaccine 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusion: the results indicate that the vaccines being used covertly may be of poor quality, and could give false confidence, resulting in inadequate biosecurity measures in poultry farms thereby increasing the risk of AI outbreak. On the basis of these findings, regulatory authorities are to enforce the ban on importation, distribution and uses of clandestinely traded AI vaccines. Furthermore, poultry farmers must be enlightened on risks of the use of unregulated vaccines and also encouraged to adopt appropriate biosecurity practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
Complementary Index |