| Title: |
Net Energy Metering (NEM) 2.0 vs NEM 3.0 in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis. |
| Authors: |
Mohd Som, Mohd Husni1; Shamil Abd Aziz, Muhammad Azfar1 azfarshamil@uitm.edu.my; Dahlan, Nofri Yenita1; Jafar, Salifairus Mohammad2; Harun, Mohd Shafee3; Mahmood, Mohd Khairil Adzhar4 |
| Source: |
PaperAsia. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 41 Issue 5b, p438-447. 10p. |
| Subject Terms: |
*CLEAN energy; *RENEWABLE energy sources; PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation; POLICY analysis; MALAYSIANS; ELECTRICITY power meters |
| Geographic Terms: |
MALAYSIA |
| Abstract: |
The transition toward sustainable energy practices in Malaysia has been significantly influenced by the implementation of Net Energy Metering (NEM) schemes. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis between NEM 2.0 and NEM 3.0 programs that were introduced to accelerate solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption in Malaysia. Through systematic qualitative document analysis of policy papers, government reports, and industry publications, this research examines the structural differences, implementation mechanisms, and impact outcomes of both programs. The findings reveal that NEM 3.0 represents a significant evolution from NEM 2.0, introducing specialized categories (NEM Rakyat, NEM GoMEn, and NEM NOVA) to target different consumer segments with tailored incentives. While NEM 2.0 operated on a uniform one-to-one offset basis for all consumers, NEM 3.0 implements differentiated approaches including market-based pricing for commercial and industrial users. The study demonstrates that these policy modifications have influenced adoption patterns, economic viability, and social equity dimensions of solar PV deployment in Malaysia. The results indicate that despite challenges in implementation, both programs have contributed substantially to Malaysia's renewable energy goals, with NEM 3.0 showing improved market responsiveness and wider participant inclusion. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders involved in renewable energy transition planning, particularly in developing nations with similar socioeconomic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
Business Source Premier |