| Title: |
Assessing the acceptability of photographs and medical illustrations in Buruli ulcer health communication among health providers, community volunteers and community members in endemic districts of Ghana. |
| Authors: |
Tuwor, Ruth Dede; Butler, Joanna; Tetteh, Samuel; Boateng Okyere, Emmanuel Boakye; Gborglah, Miriam; Abass, Kabiru Mohammed; Agbanyo, Abigail; Agbavor, Bernadette; Erolin, Caroline; Hay, Roderick; Phillips, Richard Odame; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Simmonds, Rachel E. |
| Source: |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases; 4/22/2026, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1-22, 22p |
| Subject Terms: |
MEDICAL illustration; PHOTOGRAPHS; EVALUATION methodology; PUBLIC health; MEDICAL communication; GHANAIANS; BURULI ulcer; NEGLECTED diseases |
| Geographic Terms: |
GHANA |
| Abstract: |
Background: The control of Buruli ulcer (BU) relies on early case detection to improve disease outcomes. While lesion photographs are currently used in health communication materials, they have many drawbacks. Medical illustrations, though proven effective in many contexts, remain unutilised for skin NTDs. We therefore aimed to assess their acceptability in health communication materials in BU-endemic districts of Ghana. Methodology/principal findings: We conducted eleven focus group discussions, using a guide developed from the PICO framework and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Participants were shown photographs and clinically approved medical illustrations of different presentations of BU. All participant groups confirmed that images of BU play a key role in health communication. However, photographs of the disease may frighten the viewer, either deliberately or not, especially when they show advanced stages of the BU resulting in revulsion and anxiety. All agreed that illustrations were acceptable and do not evoke the same negative emotional response, whilst still providing accurate information for detection. Health providers expressed the view that the psychological distress associated with real-life images are beneficial for prompt healthcare-seeking; however, the views of community members contradicted this. Health providers and CBSVs currently manage such negative reactions through a variety of methods. However, these strategies do not always work as some viewers shy away from the materials. Conclusion: Medical illustrations have a potentially important role to play in BU health messaging. As well as their role in communicating the characteristic features of the disease without distracting elements or ethical issues, they are also particularly well-suited to depict BU in the later stages to produce health communication materials that are sensitive to the emotional states of viewers. We encourage health communicators to place materials within appropriate social and cultural contexts, to promote their effectiveness and uptake of the health messaging. Author summary: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disease that affects many people in rural communities in endemic countries. Prevention strategies are highly dependent on detecting cases early and beginning timely appropriate treatment. To achieve this, health education for stakeholders such as community members and health providers is central. In this study, we held discussions with health providers, community health volunteers and community members from affected communities in selected BU endemic districts in Ghana. We sought to explore the effects and acceptability of the real-life images used in current health messaging materials versus medical illustrations. Health providers, community volunteers and community members noted that images play a key role in recognising and learning about the disease. However, the currently used photographs can also cause fear, anxiety and, ultimately, avoidance. All participant groups noted that medical illustrations will likely play an invaluable complementary role for engaging sensitive audiences when portraying the advanced stages of the disease and within community contexts. Community members particularly valued medical illustrations for emotional comfort. Our findings show that medical illustrations can complement photographs to make BU health messaging both effective and acceptable for people. We recommend that BU health communicators consider carefully when and where illustrations might be more effective than photographs and incorporate it into messaging to help attaining the global target of BU control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
Complementary Index |