| Title: |
Social implications of the 30×30 global conservation target. |
| Authors: |
Fajardo, Javier; Bingham, Heather C.; Brockington, Dan; Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca; Fitzsimons, James A.; Fleischman, Forrest; Frechette, Alain; Garrett, Rachael D.; Hazin, Carolina; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Lessmann, Janeth; Nuvunga, Milagre O. F.; O'Donnell, Brian; Onyai, Fred; Pinto, Ruth; Pfeifer, Marion; Pritchard, Rose; Ryan, Casey M.; Shyamsundar, Priya; Tauli, Josefa Cariño |
| Source: |
Nature Communications; 5/12/2026, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p1-13, 13p |
| Subject Terms: |
SOCIAL impact; PROTECTED areas; HUMAN Development Index; ENVIRONMENTAL protection; BIODIVERSITY; ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; POLICY analysis; INDIGENOUS peoples |
| Abstract: |
Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to increase global protected and conserved area coverage to at least 30% by 2030. The impact on people, whether positive or negative, will depend on the social context of additional areas and how they are governed and managed. Here, we show that Target 3 could affect large and socially diverse populations under different implementation scenarios. Nearly half the human population lives within 10 km of areas included in a scenario maximising biodiversity representation. Four percent live near areas included in an Indigenous and traditional territories-based scenario, including many in areas with low Human Development Index scores (74%) and high participation in wild harvesting (91%). A scenario prioritising nature's contributions to people is intermediate on all measures. Our results demonstrate that Target 3 is a highly ambitious social as well as ecological target, requiring an equally ambitious commitment to development funding and support for local residents. Different approaches to achieving Target 3 affect distinct and socially diverse populations. These contrasting socioeconomic contexts imply varying challenges and opportunities, underscoring the importance of context-specific, equitable implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| : |
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| Database: |
Complementary Index |