Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence.
| Title: | Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Savage JE; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Jansen PR; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Stringer S; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Watanabe K; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Bryois J; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; de Leeuw CA; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Nagel M; Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Awasthi S; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.; Barr PB; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Coleman JRI; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.; Grasby KL; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Hammerschlag AR; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Kaminski JA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.; Karlsson R; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Krapohl E; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Lam M; Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.; Nygaard M; The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Reynolds CA; Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.; Trampush JW; BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Young H; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.; Zabaneh D; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Hägg S; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Hansell NK; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Karlsson IK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Linnarsson S; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Montgomery GW; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Muñoz-Manchado AB; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Quinlan EB; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK.; Schumann G; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK.; Skene NG; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.; Webb BT; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; White T; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Arking DE; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Avramopoulos D; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Bilder RM; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Bitsios P; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Burdick KE; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Cannon TD; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Chiba-Falek O; Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Christoforou A; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.; Cirulli ET; Human Longevity, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.; Congdon E; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Corvin A; Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Davies G; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Deary IJ; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; DeRosse P; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.; Dickinson D; Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Djurovic S; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway.; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Donohoe G; Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.; Conley ED; 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.; Eriksson JG; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Espeseth T; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Freimer NA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Giakoumaki S; Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.; Giegling I; Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.; Gill M; Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Glahn DC; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Hariri AR; Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Hatzimanolis A; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.; Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece.; Keller MC; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.; Knowles E; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Koltai D; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Konte B; Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.; Lahti J; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Le Hellard S; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Lencz T; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.; Liewald DC; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; London E; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lundervold AJ; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Malhotra AK; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.; Melle I; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Morris D; Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.; Need AC; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Ollier W; Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Palotie A; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.; Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Payton A; Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Pendleton N; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology/School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.; Poldrack RA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Räikkönen K; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Reinvang I; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Roussos P; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Rujescu D; Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.; Sabb FW; Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.; Scult MA; Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Smeland OB; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Smyrnis N; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.; Starr JM; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Steen VM; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Stefanis NC; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.; Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece.; Straub RE; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Sundet K; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Tiemeier H; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Voineskos AN; Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Weinberger DR; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Widen E; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Yu J; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.; Abecasis G; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Andreassen OA; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Breen G; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.; Christiansen L; The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Debrabant B; Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Dick DM; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Heinz A; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.; Hjerling-Leffler J; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Ikram MA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Kendler KS; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; Martin NG; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Medland SE; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Pedersen NL; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Plomin R; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Polderman TJC; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ripke S; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; van der Sluis S; Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Sullivan PF; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Vrieze SI; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.; Wright MJ; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Posthuma D; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.posthuma@vu.nl.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.posthuma@vu.nl. |
| Source: | Nature genetics [Nat Genet] 2018 Jul; Vol. 50 (7), pp. 912-919. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 25. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Pub. Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9216904 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-1718 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10614036 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Genet Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: New York, NY : Nature Pub. Co., c1992- |
| MeSH Terms: | Intelligence/*genetics; Brain/physiology ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Adolescent ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci |
| Abstract: | Intelligence is highly heritable1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being2. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence3-7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders. |
| References: | PLoS Comput Biol. 2015 Apr 17;11(4):e1004219. (PMID: 25885710); Nat Genet. 2013 Oct;45(10):1238-1243. (PMID: 24013639); Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Sep;38(16):e164. (PMID: 20601685); Nat Commun. 2017 Nov 28;8(1):1826. (PMID: 29184056); Bioinformatics. 2003 Jan;19(1):149-50. (PMID: 12499305); Am J Hum Genet. 2015 Oct 1;97(4):576-92. (PMID: 26430803); Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):648-60. (PMID: 25954001); Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1467-71. (PMID: 23722424); Nat Genet. 2016 May;48(5):481-7. (PMID: 27019110); Annu Rev Psychol. 2012;63:453-82. (PMID: 21943169); Bioinformatics. 2015 May 1;31(9):1466-8. (PMID: 25550326); Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Mar 1;172(3):259-65. (PMID: 25727538); Nat Genet. 2018 Jun;50(6):825-833. (PMID: 29785013); Bioinformatics. 2011 Jun 15;27(12):1739-40. (PMID: 21546393); Nat Genet. 2015 Mar;47(3):291-5. (PMID: 25642630); Nat Neurosci. 2002 Feb;5(2):83-4. (PMID: 11818967); Nat Genet. 2015 Nov;47(11):1236-41. (PMID: 26414676); Gigascience. 2015 Feb 25;4:7. (PMID: 25722852); Nat Genet. 2015 Jul;47(7):702-9. (PMID: 25985137); Nat Genet. 2000 May;25(1):25-9. (PMID: 10802651); Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Dec 13;6(12):e980. (PMID: 27959336); Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Mar;22(3):336-345. (PMID: 28093568); Schizophr Bull. 2017 May 1;43(3):654-664. (PMID: 27338279); Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 15;9(1):224. (PMID: 29335400); Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):317-30. (PMID: 25693563); Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;20(2):183-92. (PMID: 25644384); Mol Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;24(2):182-197. (PMID: 29520040); Genome Res. 2012 Sep;22(9):1790-7. (PMID: 22955989); Nat Genet. 2017 Jan;49(1):139-145. (PMID: 27918533); Nat Genet. 2017 Jul;49(7):1107-1112. (PMID: 28530673); Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;21(6):758-67. (PMID: 27046643); Nat Genet. 2015 Nov;47(11):1228-35. (PMID: 26414678); Int J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;40(2):516-8. (PMID: 20926370); Bioinformatics. 2010 Sep 1;26(17):2190-1. (PMID: 20616382); Mol Psychiatry. 2018 May;23(5):1226-1232. (PMID: 29731509); Intelligence. 2015 Nov-Dec;53:23-32. (PMID: 26766880); Cell Rep. 2016 Nov 15;17(8):2042-2059. (PMID: 27851967); Nat Methods. 2012 Feb 28;9(3):215-6. (PMID: 22373907); Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D896-D901. (PMID: 27899670); Nature. 2016 May 11;533(7604):539-42. (PMID: 27225129); Genet Epidemiol. 2014 Feb;38(2):97-103. (PMID: 24408308); Eur J Hum Genet. 2016 Jun;24(6):924-30. (PMID: 26350511); Nat Genet. 2014 Mar;46(3):310-5. (PMID: 24487276); Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Mar;11(3):201-11. (PMID: 20145623); Psychol Bull. 2005 Jul;131(4):592-617. (PMID: 16060804); Intelligence. 2009 Sep 1;37(5):466-478. (PMID: 20161120); Nat Rev Genet. 2018 Mar;19(3):148-159. (PMID: 29335645) |
| Grant Information: | R01 AG049789 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 MH079800 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; P20 AA017828 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; K01 MH098126 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; PL1 MH083271 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH085772 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; MR/K026992/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; R01 AG037985 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; PL1 NS062410 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; G19/2 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; K23 MH077807 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH092515 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; G0600237 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; R01 MH080912 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01 DA033369 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; K01 MH085812 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH085018 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; RL1 MH083269 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; UL1 DE019580 United States DE NIDCR NIH HHS; MR/M013111/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; L30 MH104879 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01 AG028555 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 HG008983 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; U54 EB020403 United States EB NIBIB NIH HHS; UL1 RR031990 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R03 AG045633 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; P50 AA022537 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; K02 AA018755 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; P50 MH080173 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; P01 AG008761 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R37 AA011408 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 DA037904 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 AA023974 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; S10 OD018164 United States OD NIH HHS; BB/F019394/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; G0100594 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; R01 AG010175 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; RL1 DA024853 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; BB/F022441/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; G0901461 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20180627 Date Completed: 20190424 Latest Revision: 20250530 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC6411041 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41588-018-0152-6 |
| PMID: | 29942086 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't