Schistosomiasis Burden and Its Association With Lower Measles Vaccine Responses in School Children From Rural Cameroon.
| Title: | Schistosomiasis Burden and Its Association With Lower Measles Vaccine Responses in School Children From Rural Cameroon. |
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| Authors: | Nono JK; The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Kamdem SD; Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Netongo PM; Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Dabee S; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Schomaker M; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Oumarou A; District Hospital of Mfou, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Brombacher F; Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Moyou-Somo R; The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon. |
| Source: | Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2018 Oct 09; Vol. 9, pp. 2295. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 09 (Print Publication: 2018). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] |
| MeSH Terms: | Rural Population*; Measles/*immunology ; Measles/*prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine/*immunology ; Schistosoma/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/*parasitology; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Measles/virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Morbidity ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult |
| Abstract: | Background and Methods: Schistosomiasis is debilitating and reported to impair immune responsiveness of infected hosts. In Cameroon, mass drug administration (MDA) is used in schoolchildren to reduce transmission of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. The effects of MDA and the impact of schistosomiasis on the titers of antibodies in vaccinated children have been poorly studied. We therefore assessed the prevalence of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren, eight months after MDA, in two locations: Barombi Koto (BK), endemic for S. haematobium (N = 169) and Yoro (Y), endemic for S. mansoni (N = 356). Age, gender, residence time and frequency of contact with river water were assessed as risk factors for infection and morbidity in both localities. In 70 schoolchildren from BK and 83 from Y, ultrasound was used to assess morbidity according to the WHO guidelines. Evaluation of measles antibodies was performed in previously vaccinated schoolchildren (14 with S. haematobium and 12 egg-negative controls from BK and 47 with S. mansoni and12 egg-negative controls from Y). Principal Findings and conclusions: The prevalence of S. haematobium was 25. 4% in BK (43/169) and 34.8% for S. mansoni in Y (124/356), indicating the persistent transmission of schistosomiasis despite MDA. Older age (AOR 1.31; 95%CI 1.12-1.54) and higher frequencies of exposure to river water (AOR 1.99; 95%CI 1.03-3.86) were identified as risks for infection in BK whereas only older age (OR 1.15; 95%CI 1.04-1.27) was a risk for infection in Y. Bladder pathology (score 2 to 5) was observed in 29.2% (7/24) of egg-positive children in BK and liver pathology (pattern C) in 31.1% (19/61) of egg-positive children in Y. There was a positive correlation between S. haematobium egg burden and bladder pathology (AOR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.02) and positive correlation between S. mansoni-driven liver pathology and female gender (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 0.88-10.26). Anti-measles antibodies in vaccinated children were significantly lower in S. mansoni-infected when compared to egg-negative controls (p = 0.001), which was not observed in the S. haematobium-infected group from BK. Our results demonstrate a questionable efficacy of MDA alone in halting schistosomiasis transmission and confirm a possible immunomodulatory effect of S. mansoni on response to vaccines. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Cameroon; fibrosis; infection; measles; risk factors; schistosomiasis; vaccine responses |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Measles Vaccine) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20181026 Date Completed: 20191010 Latest Revision: 20191010 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC6189399 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02295 |
| PMID: | 30356757 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't