Large-scale mitogenomic analysis of the phylogeography of the Late Pleistocene cave bear.
| Title: | Large-scale mitogenomic analysis of the phylogeography of the Late Pleistocene cave bear. |
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| Authors: | Gretzinger J; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.; Molak M; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.; Reiter E; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Pfrengle S; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Urban C; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Neukamm J; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Blant M; Swiss institute for speleology and karst studies (SISKA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.; Conard NJ; Ancient prehistory and quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Cupillard C; Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Laboratoire Chronoenvironemment, CNRS, UMR, 6249, Besançon, France.; Dimitrijević V; Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Drucker DG; Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Laboratoire Chronoenvironemment, CNRS, UMR, 6249, Besançon, France.; Hofman-Kamińska E; Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.; Kowalczyk R; Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.; Krajcarz MT; Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.; Krajcarz M; Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.; Münzel SC; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Peresani M; Department of humanities, Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.; Romandini M; Department of humanities, Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.; Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.; Rufí I; Institute of historical research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.; Soler J; Institute of historical research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.; Terlato G; Department of humanities, Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.; Krause J; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Bocherens H; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. herve.bocherens@uni-tuebingen.de.; Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. herve.bocherens@uni-tuebingen.de.; Schuenemann VJ; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch. |
| Source: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2019 Aug 15; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 10700. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 15. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | Genome, Mitochondrial*; Ursidae/*genetics; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fossils ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Population Density ; Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| Abstract: | The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is one of the Late Pleistocene megafauna species that faced extinction at the end of the last ice age. Although it is represented by one of the largest fossil records in Europe and has been subject to several interdisciplinary studies including palaeogenetic research, its fate remains highly controversial. Here, we used a combination of hybridisation capture and next generation sequencing to reconstruct 59 new complete cave bear mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) from 14 sites in Western, Central and Eastern Europe. In a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, we compared them to 64 published cave bear mtDNA sequences to reconstruct the population dynamics and phylogeography during the Late Pleistocene. We found five major mitochondrial DNA lineages resulting in a noticeably more complex biogeography of the European lineages during the last 50,000 years than previously assumed. Furthermore, our calculated effective female population sizes suggest a drastic cave bear population decline starting around 40,000 years ago at the onset of the Aurignacian, coinciding with the spread of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Thus, our study supports a potential significant human role in the general extinction and local extirpation of the European cave bear and illuminates the fate of this megafauna species. |
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| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20190817 Date Completed: 20201016 Latest Revision: 20210110 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC6695494 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-019-47073-z |
| PMID: | 31417104 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't