Atlantic walrus signal latitudinal differences in the long-term decline of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna in the Canadian Arctic.
| Title: | Atlantic walrus signal latitudinal differences in the long-term decline of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna in the Canadian Arctic. |
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| Authors: | Yurkowski DJ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada.; Brown TA; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, UK.; Blanchfield PJ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada.; Ferguson SH; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada. |
| Source: | Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2020 Dec 09; Vol. 287 (1940), pp. 20202126. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 09. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Royal Society of London Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101245157 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2954 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09628452 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Biol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Royal Society of London, c1990- |
| MeSH Terms: | Climate Change* ; Ice Cover* ; Walruses*; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; Carbon ; Diatoms ; Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Phytoplankton |
| Abstract: | Climate change is altering the biogeochemical and physical characteristics of the Arctic marine environment, which impacts sea ice algal and phytoplankton bloom dynamics and the vertical transport of these carbon sources to benthic communities. Little is known about whether the contribution of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna and nitrogen cycling has changed over multiple decades in concert with receding sea ice. We combined compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids with highly branched isoprenoid diatom lipid biomarkers using archived (1982-2016) tissue of benthivorous Atlantic walrus to examine temporal trends of sea ice-derived carbon, nitrogen isotope baseline and trophic position of Atlantic walrus at high- and mid-latitudes in the Canadian Arctic. Associated with an 18% sea ice decline in the mid-Arctic, sea ice-derived carbon contribution to Atlantic walrus decreased by 75% suggesting a strong decoupling of sea ice-benthic habitats. By contrast, a nearly exclusive amount of sea ice-derived carbon was maintained in high-Arctic Atlantic walrus (98% in 1996 and 89% in 2006) despite a similar percentage in sea ice reduction. Nitrogen isotope baseline or the trophic position of Atlantic walrus did not change over time at either location. These findings indicate latitudinal differences in the restructuring of carbon energy sources used by Atlantic walrus and their benthic prey, and in turn a change in Arctic marine ecosystem functioning between sea ice-pelagic-benthic habitats. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: carbon source; compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids; lipid biomarker; marine mammal; phytoplankton; sea ice algae |
| Molecular Sequence: | Dryad 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xwj; figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5230320 |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 7440-44-0 (Carbon) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20201208 Date Completed: 20210113 Latest Revision: 20240330 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC7739943 |
| DOI: | 10.1098/rspb.2020.2126 |
| PMID: | 33290685 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't