A refined proposal for the origin of dogs: the case study of Gnirshöhle, a Magdalenian cave site.
| Title: | A refined proposal for the origin of dogs: the case study of Gnirshöhle, a Magdalenian cave site. |
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| Authors: | Baumann C; Biogeology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. Chris.baumann@uni-tuebingen.de.; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. Chris.baumann@uni-tuebingen.de.; Pfrengle S; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. saskia.pfrengle@uni-tuebingen.de.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. saskia.pfrengle@uni-tuebingen.de.; Münzel SC; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Molak M; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.; Feuerborn TR; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Bygning 7, 1353, København K, Denmark.; Breidenstein A; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.; Reiter E; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Albrecht G; Department of Archaeology, Markgräflerland-Museum Society, Wilhelmstraße 7, 79379, Müllheim, Germany.; Kind CJ; State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, Berliner Str. 12, 73728, Esslingen, Germany.; Verjux C; Service Régional de l'Archéologie (UMR 7041 ArScAn-Équipe Ethnologie Préhistorique), DRAC Centre, Val de Loire, 6 Rue de la Manufacture, 45000, Orléans, France.; Leduc C; INRAP, 12 Rue de Méric, 57000, Metz, France.; UMR8215-Trajectoires, CNRS, 21 Allée de l'Université, 92023, Nanterre Cedex, France.; Conard NJ; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Department for Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Schloss Hohentübingen, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.; Drucker DG; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.; Giemsch L; Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt, Karmelitergasse 1, 60311, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.; Thalmann O; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland.; Bocherens H; Biogeology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.; Schuenemann VJ; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch.; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. verena.schuenemann@iem.uzh.ch. |
| Source: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Mar 04; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 5137. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 04. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | Phylogeny*; Canidae/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Wolves/*genetics; Animals ; Caves ; Dogs ; Domestication ; Fossils ; Switzerland |
| Abstract: | Dogs are known to be the oldest animals domesticated by humans. Although many studies have examined wolf domestication, the geographic and temporal origin of this process is still being debated. To address this issue, our study sheds new light on the early stages of wolf domestication during the Magdalenian period (16-14 ka cal BP) in the Hegau Jura region (Southwestern Germany and Switzerland). By combining morphology, genetics, and isotopes, our multidisciplinary approach helps to evaluate alternate processes driving the early phases of domestication. The isotope analysis uncovered a restricted, low δ15N protein diet for all analyzed Gnirshöhle specimens, while morphological examinations and phylogenetic relationships did not unequivocally assign them to one or the other canid lineage. Intriguingly, the newly generated mitochondrial canid genomes span the entire genetic diversity of modern dogs and wolves. Such high mitochondrial diversity could imply that Magdalenian people tamed and reared animals originating from different wolf lineages. We discuss our results in light of three ecological hypotheses and conclude that both domestication and the existence of a specialized wolf ecomorph are highly probable. However, due to their proximity to humans and a restricted diet, we propose domestication as the most likely scenario explaining the patterns observed herein. |
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| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20210305 Date Completed: 20211210 Latest Revision: 20211214 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC7933181 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-83719-7 |
| PMID: | 33664287 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't