Incursions of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in Canada-Clinical, molecular and epidemiological investigation.
| Title: | Incursions of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in Canada-Clinical, molecular and epidemiological investigation. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Ambagala A; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Schwantje H; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.; Laurendeau S; Animal Health-Traceability and Terrestrial Animal Disease Control, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Snyman H; Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.; Joseph T; Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.; Pickering B; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Hooper-McGrevy K; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Babiuk S; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Moffat E; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Lamboo L; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Lung O; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Goolia M; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Pinette M; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Embury-Hyatt C; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. |
| Source: | Transboundary and emerging diseases [Transbound Emerg Dis] 2021 Jul; Vol. 68 (4), pp. 1711-1720. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 26. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Blackwell Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101319538 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1865-1682 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18651674 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Transbound Emerg Dis Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Berlin : Blackwell Verlag |
| MeSH Terms: | Caliciviridae Infections*/epidemiology ; Caliciviridae Infections*/veterinary ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit*/genetics ; Lagovirus*; Animals ; British Columbia ; Phylogeny ; Rabbits |
| Abstract: | Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a newly emerging Lagovirus belonging to the family Caliciviridae. After its first discovery in 2010 in France, this highly pathogenic virus rapidly spread to neighbouring countries and has become the dominant strain, replacing the classical RHDV strains. RHDV2 was first reported in North America in 2016 in Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada, and it was reported again in 2018 and 2019 on Vancouver Island and the southwest mainland of British Columbia (BC). The whole genome sequence of the RHDV2 Quebec isolate resembled the 2011 RHDV2-N11 isolate from Navarra, Spain with 97% identity at the nucleotide level. The epidemiological investigation related to this outbreak involved three hobby farms and one personal residence in Quebec. In February 2018, high mortality was reported in a large colony of feral rabbits on the Vancouver Island University Campus, Nanaimo, BC. The virus identified showed only 93% identity to the Quebec RHDV2 isolate at the nucleotide level. Additional cases of RHDV2 on Vancouver Island and on the BC mainland affecting feral and captive domestic, and commercial rabbits were reported subsequently. Vaccination was recommended to control the outbreak and an inactivated bivalent vaccine was made available to the private veterinary practices. In June 2019, an isolated RHDV2 outbreak was reported in pet rabbits in an apartment building in Vancouver, BC. This virus showed only 97% identity to the RHDV2 isolates responsible for the BC outbreak in 2018 at the nucleotide level, suggesting that it was an independent incursion. The outbreak in BC killed a large number of feral European rabbits; however, there were no confirmed cases of RHD in native rabbit species in BC.; (© 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Transboundary and Emerging Diseases © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Canadian Food Inspection Agency.) |
| References: | Abrantes, J., van der Loo, W., Le Pendu, J., & Esteves, P. J. (2012). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): A review. Veterinary Research, 43(1), 12.-https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-12.; Bárcena, J., Guerra, B., Angulo, I., González, J., Valcárcel, F., Mata, C. P., Castón, J. R., Blanco, E., & Alejo, A. (2015). Comparative analysis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and new RHDV2 virus antigenicity, using specific virus-like particles. Veterinary Research, 46(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0245-5.; Bascun˜ana, C. R., Nowotny, N., & Bela´k, S. (1997). Detection and differentiation of rabbit hemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome viruses by amplification of vp60 genomic sequences from fresh and fixed tissue specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35(10), 2492-2495.; Bell, D. J., Davis, J. P., Gardner, M., Barlow, A. M., Rocchi, M., Gentil, M., & Wilson, R. J. (2019). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 in hares in England. The Veterinary Record, 184(4), 127-128. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.l337.; Camarda, A., Pugliese, N., Cavadini, P., Circella, E., Capucci, L., Caroli, A., Legretto, M., Mallia, E., & Lavazza, A. (2014). Detection of the new emerging rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2 virus (RHDV2) in Sicily from rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus). Research in Veterinary Science, 97(3), 642-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.10.008.; Canadian Wild Life Federation Website. https://cwf-fcf.org/en/about-cwf/faq/faqs/whats-the-difference-between.html.; Cancellotti, F. M., & Renzi, M. (1991). Epidemiology and current situation of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome in Italy. Revue Scientifique Et Technique, 10(2), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.10.2.558.; Capucci, L., Cavadini, P., Schiavitto, M., Lombardi, G., & Lavazza, A. (2017). Increased pathogenicity in rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (RHDV2). The Veterinary Record, 180(17), 426. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104132.; Coyne, K. P., Christley, R. M., Pybus, O. G., Dawson, S., Gaskell, R. M., & Radford, A. D. (2012). Large-scale spatial and temporal genetic diversity of feline calicivirus. Journal of Virology, 86(20), 11356-11367. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00701-12.; Dalton, K. P., Abrantes, J., Lopes, A. M., Nicieza, I., Álvarez, Á. L., Esteves, P. J., & Parra, F. (2015). Complete genome sequence of two rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus variant b isolates detected on the Iberian Peninsula. Archives of Virology, 160(3), 877-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2329-3.; Duarte, M., Carvalho, C., Bernardo, S., Barros, S. V., Benevides, S., Flor, L., Monteiro, M., Marques, I., Henriques, M., Barros, S. C., Fagulha, T., Ramos, F., Luís, T., & Fevereiro, M. (2015). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) outbreak in Azores: Disclosure of common genetic markers and phylogenetic segregation within the European strains. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 35, 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.005.; Embury-Hyatt, C., Postey, R., Hisanaga, T., Burton, L., Hooper-McGrevy, K., McIntyre, L., Millar, K., & Pasick, J. (2012). The first reported case of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in Canada. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 53(9), 998-1002.; Fitzner, A., & Niedbalski, W. (2018). Detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (GI.2) in Poland. Polish Journal of Veterinary Science, 21(3), 451-458.; Gregg, D. A., & House, C. (1989). Necrotic hepatitis of rabbits in Mexico: A parvovirus. The Veterinary Record, 125, 603-604.; Hall, R. N., Peacock, D. E., Kovaliski, J., Mahar, J. E., Mourant, R., Piper, M., & Strive, T. (2017). Detection of RHDV2 in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in Australia. The Veterinary Record, 180(5), 121.; Harcourt-Brown, F. M., Harcourt-Brown, N., & Joudou, L. M. (2020). RHDV2 epidemic in UK pet rabbits. Part 2: PCR results and correlation with vaccination status. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 61(8), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13180.; Himsworth, C. G., Leung, L., Byers, K., Joseph, T., Gordon, E., Schwantje, H., Pritchard, J., & Ambagala, A. (2021) An outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases (In Press).; Hu, B., Wei, H., Fan, Z. et al (2020). Emergence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in China in 2020. Veterinary Medicine Science, 10.; Le Gall-Reculé, G., Lavazza, A., Marchandeau, S., Bertagnoli, S., Zwingelstein, F., Cavadini, P., Martinelli, N., Lombardi, G., Guérin, J. L., Lemaitre, E., Decors, A., Boucher, S., Le Normand, B., & Capucci, L. (2013). Emergence of a new lagovirus related to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Veterinary Research, 44(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-81.; Le Gall-Reculé, G., Lemaitre, E., Bertagnoli, S., Hubert, C., Top, S., Decors, A., Marchandeau, S., & Guitton, J.-S. (2017). Large-scale lagovirus disease outbreaks in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in France caused by RHDV2 strains spatially shared with rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Veterinary Research, 48(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0473-y.; Le Gall-Reculé, G., Zwingelstein, F., Boucher, S., Le Normand, B., Plassiart, G., Portejoie, Y., Decors, A., Bertagnoli, S., Guérin, J. L., & Marchandeau, S. (2011). Detection of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France. The Veterinary Record, 168(5), 137-138. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d697.; Le Gall-Reculé, G., Zwingelstein, F., Laurent, S., de Boisséson, C., Portejoie, Y., & Rasschaert, D. (2003). Phylogenetic analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France between 1993 and 2000, and the characterization of RHDV antigenic variants. Archives of Virology, 148(1), 65-81.; Liu, S. J., Xue, H. P., Pu, B. Q., & Qian, N. H. (1984). A new viral disease in rabbits. Anim Husbandry Vet Med, 16, 253-255.; Logan, G., Freimanis, G. L., King, D. J., et al. A universal protocol to generate consensus level genome sequences for foot-and-mouth disease virus and other positive-sense polyadenylated RNA viruses using the Illumina MiSeq. BMC Genomics, 15(1), 828-https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-828.; MacCrimmon, H. R. (1977). Animals, man and change: Alien and extinct wildlife of Ontario. McClelland and Steward Publishers.; Marcato, P. S., Benazzi, C., Vecchi, G., Galeotti, M., Della Salda, L., Sarli, G., & Lucidi, P. (1991). Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome. Revue Scientifique Et Technique, 10(2), 371-392. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.10.2.560.; Miao, Q., Qi, R., Veldkamp, L., Ijzer, J., Kik, M. L., Zhu, J., Tang, A., Dong, D., Shi, Y., van Oers, M. M., Liu, G., & Pijlman, G. P. (2019). Immunogenicity in rabbits of virus-like particles from a contemporary rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (GI.2/RHDV2/b) Isolated in The Netherlands. Viruses, 11(6), 553, https://doi.org/10.3390/v11060553.; Müller, C., Ulrich, R., Schinköthe, J., Müller, M., & Köllner, B. (2019). Characterization of protective humoral and cellular immune responses against RHDV2 induced by a new vaccine based on recombinant baculovirus. Vaccine, 37(30), 4195-4203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.061.; Mutze, G., Cooke, B., & Alexander, P. (1998). The initial impact of rabbit hemorrhagic disease on European rabbit populations in South Australia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 34, 221-227. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.221.; Neimanis, A. S., Ahola, H., Zohari, S. et al (2018). Arrival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 to northern Europe: Emergence and outbreaks in wild and domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Sweden. Transbound Emerg Dis., 65(1), 213-220.; Ohlinger, V. F., Haas, B., Meyers, G., Weiland, F., & Thiel, H. J. (1990). Identification and characterization of the virus causing rabbit hemorrhagic disease. Journal of Virology, 64(7), 3331-3336. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.64.7.3331-3336.1990.; OIE Report Event summary (2020) Rabbit hemorrhagic disease, United States of America -. WAHIS Last updated 02/07/2020.; Park, N. Y., Chong, C. J., Kim, J. H., Cho, S. M., Cha, Y. H., Jung, B. T., Kim, D. S., & Yoon, J. B. (1987). An outbreak of viral haemorrhagic pneumonia (tentative name) of rabbits in Korea. Journal of the Korean Veterinary Medical Association, 23, 603-610.; Puggioni, G., Cavadini, P., Maestrale, C., Scivoli, R., Botti, G., Ligios, C., Le Gall-Reculé, G., Lavazza, A., Capucci, L., & The New French, (2010). rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus causes an RHD-like disease in the Sardinian cape hare (Lepus capensis mediterraneus). Veterinary Research, 2013, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-96.; Rahali, N., Sghaier, S., Kbaier, H., Zanati, A., & Bahloul, C. (2019). Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus isolated in Tunisia from 2015 to 2018. Archives of Virology, 164(9), 2327-2332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04311-z.; Rocchi, M., Maley, M., Dagleish, M., & Boag, B. (2019). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 in hares in Scotland. The Veterinary Record, 185(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.l4481.; Rouco, C., Aguayo-Adán, J. A., Santoro, S., Abrantes, J., & Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). Worldwide rapid spread of the novel rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (GI.2/RHDV2/b). Transbound Emerg Dis., 66(4), 1762-1764.; Velarde, R., Cavadini, P., Neimanis, A., Cabezón, O., Chiari, M., Gaffuri, A., Lavín, S., Grilli, G., Gavier-Widén, D., Lavazza, A., & Capucci, L. (2017). Spillover events of infection of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) with rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2 virus (RHDV2) Caused Sporadic Cases of an European Brown Hare Syndrome-Like Disease in Italy and Spain. Transboundary Emerging Diseases, 64(6), 1750-1761. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Canada; RHDV2; rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 |
| Molecular Sequence: | RefSeq KY235677; KY235675; KM878681; KY235676; MT900570; MT900571; MT900573; MT900574; MT506233; MT506237; MT506234; MT506235; MT506236 |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20210429 Date Completed: 20211022 Latest Revision: 20211022 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/tbed.14128 |
| PMID: | 33915034 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article