Direct evidence of sex and a hypothesis about meiosis in Symbiodiniaceae.
| Title: | Direct evidence of sex and a hypothesis about meiosis in Symbiodiniaceae. |
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| Authors: | Figueroa RI; Spanish Institute of Oceanography in Vigo (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain. rosa.figueroa@ieo.es.; Howe-Kerr LI; BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.; Correa AMS; BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. ac53@rice.edu. |
| Source: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Sep 22; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 18838. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 22. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | Meiosis*/physiology; Dinoflagellida/*physiology; DNA/genetics ; Dinoflagellida/genetics ; Mitosis/physiology ; Zygote/physiology ; Coral Reefs ; Flow Cytometry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction |
| Abstract: | Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are obligate endosymbionts of diverse marine invertebrates, including corals, and impact the capacity of their hosts to respond to climate change-driven ocean warming. Understanding the conditions under which increased genetic variation in Symbiodiniaceae arises via sexual recombination can support efforts to evolve thermal tolerance in these symbionts and ultimately mitigate coral bleaching, the breakdown of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae partnership under stress. However, direct observations of meiosis in Symbiodiniaceae have not been reported, despite various lines of indirect evidence that it occurs. We present the first cytological evidence of sex in Symbiodiniaceae based on nuclear DNA content and morphology using Image Flow Cytometry, Cell Sorting and Confocal Microscopy. We show the Symbiodiniaceae species, Cladocopium latusorum, undergoes gamete conjugation, zygote formation, and meiosis within a dominant reef-building coral in situ. On average, sex was detected in 1.5% of the cells analyzed (N = 10,000-40,000 cells observed per sample in a total of 20 samples obtained from 3 Pocillopora colonies). We hypothesize that meiosis follows a two-step process described in other dinoflagellates, in which diploid zygotes form dyads during meiosis I, and triads and tetrads as final products of meiosis II. This study sets the stage for investigating environmental triggers of Symbiodiniaceae sexuality and can accelerate the assisted evolution of a key coral symbiont in order to combat reef degradation.; (© 2021. The Author(s).) |
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| Substance Nomenclature: | 9007-49-2 (DNA) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20210923 Date Completed: 20211217 Latest Revision: 20230206 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC8458349 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-98148-9 |
| PMID: | 34552138 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.