Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior.
| Title: | Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Mojzesz M; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Widziolek M; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Adamek M; Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.; Orzechowska U; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Podlasz P; Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.; Prajsnar TK; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Pooranachandran N; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Pecio A; Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Michalik A; Department of Invertebrate Development and Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Surachetpong W; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.; Chadzinska M; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Rakus K; Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. |
| Source: | Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Oct 11; Vol. 12, pp. 760882. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 11 (Print Publication: 2021). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] |
| MeSH Terms: | Fish Diseases*/genetics ; Fish Diseases*/immunology ; Fish Diseases*/pathology ; Fish Diseases*/virology ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/immunology ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/pathology ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/veterinary ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/virology ; RNA Virus Infections*/immunology ; RNA Virus Infections*/pathology ; RNA Virus Infections*/veterinary ; RNA Virus Infections*/virology; Microglia/*immunology; Brain/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/virology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Eating ; Gene Expression ; Illness Behavior ; Locomotion ; Viral Load ; Zebrafish |
| Abstract: | In mammals, the relationship between the immune system and behavior is widely studied. In fish, however, the knowledge concerning the brain immune response and behavioral changes during brain viral infection is very limited. To further investigate this subject, we used the model of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection of zebrafish (Danio rerio), which was previously developed in our laboratory. We demonstrated that TiLV persists in the brain of adult zebrafish for at least 90 days, even when the virus is not detectable in other peripheral organs. The virions were found in the whole brain. During TiLV infection, zebrafish displayed a clear sickness behavior: decreased locomotor activity, reduced food intake, and primarily localizes near the bottom zone of aquaria. Moreover, during swimming, individual fish exhibited also unusual spiral movement patterns. Gene expression study revealed that TiLV induces in the brain of adult fish strong antiviral and inflammatory response and upregulates expression of genes encoding microglia/macrophage markers. Finally, using zebrafish larvae, we showed that TiLV infection induces histopathological abnormalities in the brain and causes activation of the microglia which is manifested by changes in cell shape from a resting ramified state in mock-infected to a highly ameboid active state in TiLV-infected larvae. This is the first study presenting a comprehensive analysis of the brain immune response associated with microglia activation and subsequent sickness behavior during systemic viral infection in zebrafish.; (Copyright © 2021 Mojzesz, Widziolek, Adamek, Orzechowska, Podlasz, Prajsnar, Pooranachandran, Pecio, Michalik, Surachetpong, Chadzinska and Rakus.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: TiLV; anti-viral response; interferons; microglia; neuroinflammation; sickness behavior; tilapia lake virus; zebrafish |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Zebrafish Proteins) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20211028 Date Completed: 20220217 Latest Revision: 20220217 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC8544261 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760882 |
| PMID: | 34707620 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't