Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel.
| Title: | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel. |
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| Authors: | Vera-Estrada IL; Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico.; Olivares-Ramírez JM; Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz J; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico.; Dector A; Departamento de Energías Renovables, Conacyt-Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico.; Mendiola-Santibañez JD; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico.; Amaya-Cruz DM; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Amealco, Camacho Guzmán, Amealco 76894, Mexico.; Sosa-Domínguez A; Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N-Edificio 5, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.; Ortega-Díaz D; Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico.; Dector D; Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico.; Ovando-Medina VM; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Matehuala 78700, Mexico.; Antonio-Carmona ID; Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico. |
| Source: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2022 Sep 02; Vol. 22 (17). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 02. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c2000- |
| MeSH Terms: | Microfluidics* ; Pregnancy Tests*; Electric Power Supplies ; Electrodes ; Female ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pregnancy |
| Abstract: | The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC's) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO2-Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm-2, and 0.23 mW cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC's stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm-2 and 1.38 mW cm-2, respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: human urine; lateral flow assay tests; paper-based microfluidic fuel cell; power supply; pregnancy test |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20220909 Date Completed: 20220912 Latest Revision: 20250728 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC9460395 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/s22176641 |
| PMID: | 36081100 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article