The reemergence of the human monkeypox: strengthening Africa's epidemic preparedness and response system.
| Title: | The reemergence of the human monkeypox: strengthening Africa's epidemic preparedness and response system. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Ayorinde TA; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.; Olufadewa II; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; College of Medicine.; Adesina MA; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; College of Medicine.; Oladele RI; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; College of Medicine.; Oladoye MJ; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.; Adene T; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja.; Asaolu O; Slum and Rural Health Initiative.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. |
| Source: | Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) [Ann Med Surg (Lond)] 2023 Jan 23; Vol. 85 (1), pp. 24-27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 23 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101616869 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2049-0801 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20490801 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Med Surg (Lond) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2023- : [London] : Wolters Kluwer; Original Publication: London : Surgical Associates Ltd., 2012- |
| Abstract: | The reemergence of the monkeypox (MPX) virus poses a serious threat to global health security. While the first human case was reported in Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970, a recent outbreak of this disease in May 2022 has gone 'viral,' spreading to most continents and occurring in nonendemic countries. Outside Africa, there have been reports of cases of MPX in countries such as Singapore in May 2019, Israel in September 2018, UK in September 2018, among others which have been traced back to importation of infected wild rodents from Africa. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that the standard laboratory facility to carry out MPX tests is Biosafety Containment Level (BSL)-2 working standards if the laboratory staff has taken smallpox vaccine within the last 3 years and BSL-3 working standards if the laboratory staff has not taken the smallpox vaccine. However, African countries have a shortage of BSL laboratories. Hence, there is a need to improve the integrated surveillance of the MPX virus, strengthen diagnostic capacity, capacity building of health workforce, public education programs, fund research, and development, among others. Leveraging a 'One Health' approach will offer fresh insight into the human-animal-environment interface and boost the understanding on the possibility and mechanisms of spillback and reverse zoonosis as well as disease severity and risk factors for severe disease as well as its epidemiology in various subpopulations. Not leaving Africa behind in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of MPX is important to stopping the spread and reemergence of this virus.; (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. |
| References: | BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):. (PMID: 35760437); J Infect Dis. 1986 Oct;154(4):551-5. (PMID: 3018091); Biosecur Bioterror. 2014 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-7. (PMID: 24552359); Nature. 2022 Jul;607(7917):17-18. (PMID: 35739391); Vaccine. 2020 Jul 14;38(33):5077-5081. (PMID: 32417140); Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 May;25(5):980-983. (PMID: 30848724); Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1569-1572. (PMID: 35750157); Afr J Lab Med. 2022 Mar 31;11(1):1570. (PMID: 35402201); PLoS One. 2019 Dec 4;14(12):e0224660. (PMID: 31800579); Euro Surveill. 2018 Sep;23(38):. (PMID: 30255836) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Africa; epidemic; monkeypox; preparedness; response |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20230206 Latest Revision: 20230207 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC9893425 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000039 |
| PMID: | 36742119 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article