Iron and Manganese Alginate for Rechargeable Battery Electrodes.
| Title: | Iron and Manganese Alginate for Rechargeable Battery Electrodes. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Kiriinya LK; Department of Radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.; Department of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.; Kwakernaak MC; Department of Radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.; Van den Akker SCD; Department of Radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.; Verbist GLMM; Shell Global Solutions Int. BV, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Picken SJ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.; Kelder EM; Department of Radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. |
| Source: | Polymers [Polymers (Basel)] 2023 Jan 26; Vol. 15 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 26. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101545357 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4360 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734360 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Polymers (Basel) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel : MDPI |
| Abstract: | We present a sustainable, inherently safe battery chemistry that is based on widely available and cheap materials, that is, iron and manganese hosted in alginate bio-material known from the food and medical industry. The resulting battery can be recycled to allow circularity. The electrodes were synthesised by the alginate caging the multi-valent metals to form a hydrogel in an aqueous environment. Characterisation includes FTIR, XPS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was investigated by performing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and (dis)charge experiments. Mn and Fe ions show good co-ordination with the alginic acid with higher oxidation states demonstrating complex bonding behaviour. The non-optimised iron and manganese alginate electrodes already exhibit a cycling efficiency of 98% and 69%, respectively. This work shows that Fe and Mn atomically disperse in a bio-based host material and can act as electrodes in an aqueous battery chemistry. While demonstrated at cell level, it is furthermore explained how these materials can form the basis for a (semi-solid) flow cell. |
| References: | Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2014 Aug 06;2:26. (PMID: 25147785); Biomacromolecules. 2017 Aug 14;18(8):2478-2488. (PMID: 28636347); Nat Rev Chem. 2020 Mar;4(3):127-142. (PMID: 37128020) |
| Grant Information: | 739.017.012 Netherlands NWO_ Dutch Research Council |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: alginates; electrode material; polysaccharide; rechargeable battery |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20230211 Latest Revision: 20240912 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC9920328 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/polym15030639 |
| PMID: | 36771941 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article