Ethylene regulates auxin-mediated root gravitropic machinery and controls root angle in cereal crops.
| Title: | Ethylene regulates auxin-mediated root gravitropic machinery and controls root angle in cereal crops. |
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| Authors: | Kong X; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Xiong Y; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Song X; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Wadey S; Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.; Yu S; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Rao J; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Lale A; Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.; Lombardi M; Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.; Fusi R; Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.; Bhosale R; Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, Hyderabad, India.; Huang G; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. |
| Source: | Plant physiology [Plant Physiol] 2024 Jun 28; Vol. 195 (3), pp. 1969-1980. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320889 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: : [Rockville, MD] : American Society of Plant Biologists; Original Publication: Lancaster, Pa., American Society of Plant Physiologists. |
| MeSH Terms: | Ethylenes*/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids*/metabolism ; Gravitropism*/drug effects ; Gravitropism*/physiology ; Plant Roots*/drug effects ; Plant Roots*/growth & development ; Plant Roots*/physiology ; Plant Roots*/genetics ; Oryza*/genetics ; Oryza*/physiology ; Oryza*/drug effects ; Oryza*/growth & development ; Zea mays*/drug effects ; Zea mays*/genetics ; Zea mays*/physiology ; Zea mays*/growth & development; Edible Grain/drug effects ; Edible Grain/physiology ; Edible Grain/growth & development ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Crops, Agricultural/physiology ; Mutation/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis/physiology ; Arabidopsis/drug effects ; Arabidopsis/growth & development ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics |
| Abstract: | Root angle is a critical factor in optimizing the acquisition of essential resources from different soil depths. The regulation of root angle relies on the auxin-mediated root gravitropism machinery. While the influence of ethylene on auxin levels is known, its specific role in governing root gravitropism and angle remains uncertain, particularly when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) core ethylene signaling mutants show no gravitropic defects. Our research, focusing on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays), clearly reveals the involvement of ethylene in root angle regulation in cereal crops through the modulation of auxin biosynthesis and the root gravitropism machinery. We elucidated the molecular components by which ethylene exerts its regulatory effect on auxin biosynthesis to control root gravitropism machinery. The ethylene-insensitive mutants ethylene insensitive2 (osein2) and ethylene insensitive like1 (oseil1), exhibited substantially shallower crown root angle compared to the wild type. Gravitropism assays revealed reduced root gravitropic response in these mutants. Hormone profiling analysis confirmed decreased auxin levels in the root tips of the osein2 mutant, and exogenous auxin (NAA) application rescued root gravitropism in both ethylene-insensitive mutants. Additionally, the auxin biosynthetic mutant mao hu zi10 (mhz10)/tryptophan aminotransferase2 (ostar2) showed impaired gravitropic response and shallow crown root angle phenotypes. Similarly, maize ethylene-insensitive mutants (zmein2) exhibited defective gravitropism and root angle phenotypes. In conclusion, our study highlights that ethylene controls the auxin-dependent root gravitropism machinery to regulate root angle in rice and maize, revealing a functional divergence in ethylene signaling between Arabidopsis and cereal crops. These findings contribute to a better understanding of root angle regulation and have implications for improving resource acquisition in agricultural systems.; (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest statement. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. |
| Grant Information: | 32101651 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 22QA1404200 Shanghai Rising Star Program; China Innovative Research Team; Ministry of Education; B14016 Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities; Future Food Beacon Nottingham Research; BB/S011102/1 BBSRC; BB/X014843/1 BBSRC New Investigator Research Grant; Nottingham Future Food Beacon and Puri Fellowship |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Ethylenes); 0 (Indoleacetic Acids); 91GW059KN7 (ethylene); 0 (Plant Proteins) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240306 Date Completed: 20240628 Latest Revision: 20240628 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/plphys/kiae134 |
| PMID: | 38446735 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article