Increased Severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Spanish Children.
| Title: | Increased Severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Spanish Children. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Méndez-Echevarría A; From the Pediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.; Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain.; Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Pediatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Calle-Miguel L; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.; Miralbés S; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.; Barreiro-Pérez S; From the Pediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.; Afonso-Rodriguez O; Hospital Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.; Soler-Simón JA; Hospital Universitario del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.; Espeleta-Fox A; Hospital Universitario del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.; Jiménez-Jiménez AB; Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.; Méndez-Sánchez A; Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Asturias, Spain.; Rementeria-Radigales JI; Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.; Guerrero-Del-Cueto F; Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.; Laveglia V; Hospital Universitario General de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain.; Ortiz-Valentín I; Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Spain.; Gómez-Mera E; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.; Fernández-Puentes V; Hospital Materno Infantil, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.; Rodríguez-Noriega-Bejar L; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.; Bustillo M; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.; Retuerta A; Hospital Universitario del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.; Fernàndez-Cantalejo J; Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.; Sanz-Rueda L; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.; Ibáñez MM; Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain.; Berzosa A; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.; Fernández-Ledesma B; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.; Álvaro A; Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.; Santamaría-Barrena T; Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.; Carazo-Gallego B; Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.; Moraleda C; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.; Calvo C; From the Pediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.; Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain.; Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Pediatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. |
| Corporate Authors: | Spanish Mycoplasma Study Group |
| Source: | The Pediatric infectious disease journal [Pediatr Infect Dis J] 2024 Dec 01; Vol. 43 (12), pp. 1113-1119. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 26. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Observational Study; Multicenter Study |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8701858 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-0987 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08913668 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Infect Dis J Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins, c1987- |
| MeSH Terms: | Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*/epidemiology ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae*/isolation & purification; Spain/epidemiology ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Adolescent ; Severity of Illness Index ; Risk Factors ; Infant, Newborn ; Incidence |
| Abstract: | Background: Since the end of 2023, an elevated incidence and severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among children in Asia has been noted. Subsequently, this trend was observed in several European countries although limited data are currently available. We conducted a national study to delineate the ongoing M. pneumoniae outbreak in our country.; Methods: A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted across 32 hospitals in Spain, encompassing patients under 18 years old hospitalized for M . pneumoniae infection from January 2023 to March 2024. Infection was confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction and/or by 2 serological tests.; Results: A total of 623 children were included, with 79% of cases diagnosed in the final 3 months of the study period. Pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (87%). Respiratory symptoms were present in 97% of cases, with 62% requiring oxygen supplementation and 14% requiring admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Risk factors for PICU admission included the presence of neurological symptoms, hypoxemia and a history of prematurity. Children admitted to the PICU exhibited significantly higher neutrophil counts upon admission.; Conclusions: We have observed a notable increase in hospital admissions, including PICU support by up to 14%, due to M. pneumoniae infection in our country since November 2023, indicative of a more severe clinical course associated with this pathogen.; (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose. |
| References: | Yan C, Xue GH, Zhao HQ, et al. Current status of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in China. World J Pediatr. 2024;20:1–4.; Xb Z, W H, Yh G, et al. Current Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic among children in Shanghai: unusual pneumonia caused by usual pathogen. World J Pediatr. 2024;20:5–10.; Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30:747–809.; Sauteur PMM, Beeton ML, Pereyre S, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5:e100–e101.; Li Y, Yan Y, Huang J, et al. Respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae surveillance among hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections - Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, September-November 2023. China CDC Wkly. 2024;6:139–142.; Edens C, Clopper BR, DeVies J, et al. Notes from the field: reemergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children and adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic, United States, 2018–2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73:149–151.; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Communicable disease threats report, 26 November - 2 December 2023, week 48. 2023. Accessed April 16, 2024. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/communicable-disease-threats-report-26-november-2-december-2023-week-48.; Larcher R, Boudet A, Roger C, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is back! Is it the next pandemic? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2024;43:101338.; Ding G, Zhang X, Vinturache A, et al. Challenges in the treatment of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Eur J Pediatr. 2024. doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05519-1. (PMID: 10.1007/s00431-024-05519-1); Xie XY, Zhou RY, Ding SA, et al. Emerging trends and concerns in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia among Chinese pediatric population. Pediatr Res. 2024. doi:10.1038/s41390-024-03049-y. (PMID: 10.1038/s41390-024-03049-y); Lai SHF, Kuok MCI, Ho PPK, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and viral pneumonia coinfection: something not to be overlooked. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2024;43:e191.; Urbieta AD, Barbeito Castiñeiras G, Rivero Calle I, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae at the rise not only in China: rapid increase of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases also in Spain. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2024;13:2332680.; Al-Zaidy SA, MacGregor D, Mahant S, et al. Neurological complications of PCR-proven M. pneumoniae infections in children: prodromal illness duration may reflect pathogenetic mechanism. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:1092–1098.; Stacevičienė I, Ivaškevičienė I, Burokienė S, et al. Epidemiological changes of acute respiratory infections in children: a single-center experience after COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0300877.; Guy R, Henderson KL, Coelho J, et al. Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infection notifications, England, 2022. Euro Surveill. 2023;28:2200942.; Cobo-Vázquez E, Aguilera-Alonso D, Carrasco-Colom J, et al.; PedGAS-Net Working Group. Increasing incidence and severity of invasive group: a streptococcal disease in Spanish children in 2019-2022. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023;27:100597.; García-García ML, Pérez-Arenas E, Pérez-Hernandez P, et al. Human Metapneumovirus Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29:850–852.; Cohen R, Ashman M, Taha MK, et al. Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) position paper on the immune debt of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood, how can we fill the immunity gap? Infect Dis Now. 2021;51:418–423.; Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC), and the ESGMAC Mycoplasma pneumoniae Surveillance (MAPS) Study Group. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5:e100–e101.; Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML; ESGMAC the ESGMAC MAPS Study Group. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: gone forever? Lancet Microbe. 2023;4:e763.; Del Rosal T, Bote-Gascón P, Falces-Romero I, et al. Multiplex PCR and antibiotic use in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Children (Basel). 2024;11:245.; Gordon O, Oster Y, Michael-Gayego A, et al. Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections-a single center cohort. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38:698–705.; Cho YJ, Han MS, Kim WS, et al. Correlation between chest radiographic findings and clinical features in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0219463.; Søndergaard MJ, Friis MB, Hansen DS, et al. Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0195288.; Kutty PK, Jain S, Taylor TH, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68:5–12.; Nolevaux G, Bessaci-Kabouya K, Villenet N, et al. Epidemiological and clinical study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections in children hospitalized in a pediatric ward between 1999 and 2005 at the Reims University Hospital. Arch Pediatr. 2008;15:1630–1636.; Khoury T, Sviri S, Rmeileh AA, et al. Increased rates of intensive care unit admission in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a retrospective study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22:711–714.; Zhu Y, Luo Y, Li L, et al. Immune response plays a role in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1189647.; Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li S, et al. The clinical characteristics and predictors of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0156465.; Chen Q, Hu T, Wu L, et al. Clinical features and biomarkers for early prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Emerg Med Int. 2024;2024:9328177.; Bian C, Li S, Huo S, et al. Association of atopy with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1281479.; Nantanda R, Bwanga F, Najjingo I, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children in Uganda: a prospective study. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2021;41:188–198.; Moe N, Krokstad S, Stenseng IH, et al. Comparing human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus: viral co-detections, genotypes and risk factors for severe disease. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0170200.; Gao J, Xu L, Xu B, et al. Human adenovirus coinfection aggravates the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:420.; Choo S, Lee YY, Lee E. Clinical significance of respiratory virus coinfection in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med. 2022;22:212.; Koenen MH, de Groot RCA, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae carriage in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections is associated with a less diverse and altered microbiota. EBioMedicine. 2023;98:104868. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Investigator: AC Medina, Hospital Universitario de Mataró, Spain.; BC Santander, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.; MC Calle, Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.; EDC Navío, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Spain.; C Jofre, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona.; C Grasa, Pediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain); Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP); Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III.; D Gómez-Pastrana, Hospital Materno Infantil, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.; MG Mentxakatorre, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.; MG Piqueras, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.; A Gutierrez, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.; MJ Lirola Cruz, Grupo IHP, Hospital maternoinfantil Quirónsalud Sevilla, Spain.; LM Campos, Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, Almería, España.; M Mendez, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona.; O Neth, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.; FC Olteanu, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain.; MO Benavent, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.; MP León, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain.; EP Matute, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Spain.; Á Ramírez, Aguilar Hospital Quirónsalud Valencia, Spain.; BR Sáez, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España.; A Shan, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.; M Tóvizi, Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain.; EU Zarraga, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.; MV Pérez, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.; Keywords: child; community-acquired infection; pneumonia |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240626 Date Completed: 20250614 Latest Revision: 20250702 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/INF.0000000000004461 |
| PMID: | 38920379 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Observational Study; Multicenter Study