Association between Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and severe malaria in pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic region of Cameroon.
| Title: | Association between Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and severe malaria in pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic region of Cameroon. |
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| Authors: | Djuidje Chatue IA; Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaounde I (BTC-UYI), Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Malaria Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, Delhi, India.; Nyegue MA; Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Kamdem SD; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaounde I (BTC-UYI), Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.; Maloba F; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaounde I (BTC-UYI), Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Cameroon.; Biology Program, School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, New Mexico, United States of America.; Taliy Junaid I; Malaria Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, Delhi, India.; Malhotra P; Malaria Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, Delhi, India.; Masumbe Netongo P; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaounde I (BTC-UYI), Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.; Biology Program, School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, New Mexico, United States of America.; Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon. |
| Source: | PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2024 Aug 12; Vol. 4 (8), pp. e0003556. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 12 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9918283779606676 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2767-3375 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27673375 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLOS Glob Public Health Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: San Francisco, California : Public Library of Science, [2021]- |
| Abstract: | Malaria kills nearly 619,000 people each year. Despite the natural immunity acquired to malaria, pregnant women and children under five die from severe forms of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection with acute Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection has been shown to suppress the anti-malarial humoral responses, but little is known about the impact of EBV reactivation on malaria-associated morbidity. This study investigated the association between EBV reactivation and malaria severity in pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic region in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 pregnant women attending antenatal consultations in three health facilities in the West region of Cameroon. Malaria was diagnosed by microscopy, and Plasmodium species were identified by Nested PCR. Plasma samples were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of EBV nuclear antigen, EBV viral capsid antigen, and EBV early antigen to determine EBV reactivation. All statistics were performed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS software. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was 23.2%, of which 18.6% were P. falciparum mono-infections and 4.5% mixed infections (3.6% P. falciparum and P. malariae; 0.9% P. falciparum and P. ovale). 99.5% of the women were EBV seropositive, and 13.2% had EBV reactivation. Pregnant women with reactivated EBV were more likely to develop severe malaria than pregnant women with latent EBV (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.08-17.25, p = 0.03). The median parasitemia in pregnant women with latent EBV was lower than in those with EBV reactivation (2816 vs. 19002 parasites/μL, p = 0.02). Our study revealed that lytic reactivation of EBV may be associated with the severity of malaria in pregnant women. Suggesting that, like acute infection, EBV reactivation should be considered a risk factor for severe malaria in pregnant women in malaria-endemic regions or could serve as a hallmark of malaria severity during pregnancy. Further detailed studies are needed.; (Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240812 Latest Revision: 20240814 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11318859 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003556 |
| PMID: | 39133703 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article