Longitudinal study of cross-reactive antigenemia in individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial density reveals promising biomarkers for distinguishing lymphatic filariasis from loiasis.
| Title: | Longitudinal study of cross-reactive antigenemia in individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial density reveals promising biomarkers for distinguishing lymphatic filariasis from loiasis. |
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| Authors: | Djune-Yemeli L; Higher Institute of Scientific and Medical Research (ISM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaoundé I (BTC-UY-I), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Hertz M; Office of Scholarly Communication, University of Alabama at Birmingham Libraries, Birmingham, AL, United States.; Nana-Djeunga HC; Higher Institute of Scientific and Medical Research (ISM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Rush A; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.; Erdmann-Gilmore P; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.; Sprung R; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.; Bopda JG; Higher Institute of Scientific and Medical Research (ISM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Townsend R; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.; Netongo PM; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaoundé I (BTC-UY-I), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Kamgno J; Higher Institute of Scientific and Medical Research (ISM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Budge PJ; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. |
| Source: | Frontiers in parasitology [Front Parasitol] 2023; Vol. 2. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 16. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 9918573587206676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2813-2424 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 28132424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Parasitol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Lausanne, Switzerland] : Frontiers Media S.A., [2022]- |
| Abstract: | Background and Methods: Circulating Loa loa antigens are often detected in individuals with heavy L. loa infections by diagnostic tests for lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. This is a major challenge to LF mapping and elimination efforts in loiasis co-endemic areas. However, it also provides an opportunity to identify antigen biomarkers for loiasis. To determine which L. loa antigens might be promising biomarkers for distinguishing true LF from loiasis, we screened for L. loa antigens in a group of individuals with heavy L. loa infections living in the Okola Health District of Cameroon. In this longitudinal study, participants were tested for cross-reactive antigenemia by filariasis test strip (FTS), ELISA, and western blot, and were monitored for FTS status at 6, 9, 12, and 15 months post-enrollment. We then identified specific circulating L. loa antigens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from baseline and 15-month plasma samples.; Principal Findings and Conclusions: Among 73 FTS-positive (FTS+) and 13 FTS-negative (FTS-) participants with high L. loa microfilarial loads, 83% maintained their FTS status over the course of the study, while 17% experienced at least one FTS conversion event (from FTS+ to FTS- or vice versa). Cross-reactive antigens were detected in both FTS+ and FTS- sera by western blot, and there was poor agreement in antigen detection by FTS, western blot, and ELISA methods. One protein family, a group of Nas-14 metalloproteases, was detected by LC MS/MS in >80% of tested samples, including FTS- samples. These data identify Nas-14 as a promising loiasis biomarker potentially capable of distinguishing loiasis from lymphatic filariasis. |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) HND declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. |
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| Grant Information: | P41 GM103422 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; P30 CA091842 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; UL1 TR000448 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; K08 AI121422 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; 2019082 United States DDCF Doris Duke Charitable Foundation |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: LF-rapid diagnostic tests; Loiasis; biomarker; cross-reactivity; lymphatic filariasis |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240823 Latest Revision: 20250530 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11340908 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpara.2023.1292837 |
| PMID: | 39176078 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article