Policy as normative influence? On the relationship between parental leave policy and social norms in gender division of childcare across 48 countries.
| Title: | Policy as normative influence? On the relationship between parental leave policy and social norms in gender division of childcare across 48 countries. |
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| Authors: | Schindler S; Federal University of Applied Adminstrative Sciences, Berlin, Germany.; Schuster C; Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.; Olsson MIT; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.; Froehlich L; FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany.; Hübner AK; Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.; Block K; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Van Laar C; University of Leuven, Belgium.; Schmader T; The University of British Columbia, Canada.; Meeussen L; University of Leuven, Belgium.; Thomas More College of Applied Psychology, Antwerp, Belgium.; van Grootel S; University of Leuven, Belgium.; Croft A; University of Arizona, USA.; Sun MS; University of Toronto, Canada.; Ainsaar M; University of Tartu, Estonia.; Aarntzen L; Utrecht University, The Netherlands.; Adamus M; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Anderson J; Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.; La Trobe University, Australia.; Atkinson C; University of Arizona, USA.; Avicenna M; State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatuillah Jakarta, Indonesia.; Bąbel P; Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Barth M; Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Germany.; Benson-Greenwald T; Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.; Maloku E; Rochester Institute of Technology in Kosovo (RIT), Kosovo.; Berent J; University of Geneva, Switzerland.; Bergsieker HB; University of Waterloo, Canada.; Biernat M; University of Kansas, USA.; Birneanu A; West University of Timisoara, Romania.; Bodinaku B; University of Tirana, Albania.; Bosak J; Dublin City University, Ireland.; Bosson J; University of South Florida, USA.; Branković M; Singidunum University, Serbia.; Burkauskas J; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.; Čavojová V; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Cheryan S; University of Washington, USA.; Choi E; Korea University, South Korea.; Choi I; Seoul National University, South Korea.; Contreras-Ibáñez CC; UAM - Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico.; Coogan A; Maynooth University (National University of Ireland), Ireland.; Danyliuk I; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine.; Dar-Nimrod I; The University of Sydney, Australia.; Dasgupta N; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.; de Lemus S; Universidad de Granada, Spain.; Devos T; San Diego State University, USA.; Diab M; Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Stellenbosch, Palestine.; Diekman AB; Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.; Efremova M; National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow, Russia.; Eisner L; University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Eller A; UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.; Erentaite R; Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.; Fedáková D; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Franc R; Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia.; Gartzia L; Deusto Business School, Bilbao, Spain.; Gavreliuc A; West University of Timisoara, Romania.; Gavreliuc D; West University of Timisoara, Romania.; Gecaite-Stonciene J; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.; Germano AL; Yale University, USA.; Giovannelli I; University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.; Gismondi Diaz R; Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.; Gitikhmayeva L; L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan.; Gizaw AM; Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.; Gjoneska B; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.; González OM; UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.; González R; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.; Grijalva ID; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador.; Güngör D; University of Leuven, Belgium.; Gustafsson Sendén M; Stockholm University, Sweden.; Hall W; Brock University, Canada.; Harb C; American University of Beirut, Lebanon.; Hassan B; International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.; Hässler T; University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Hawi DR; Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar.; Henningsen L; University of Exeter, UK.; Hoppe A; University of Leipzig, Germany.; Ishii K; Nagoya University, Japan.; Jakšić I; University of Belgrade, Serbia.; Jasini A; University of Leuven, Belgium.; Jurkevičienė J; Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.; Kelmendi K; University of Prishtina, Kosovo.; Kirby TA; Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.; Kitakaji Y; Hiroshima University, Japan.; Kosakowska-Berezecka N; University of Gdańsk, Poland.; Kozytska I; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine.; Kulich C; University of Geneva, Switzerland.; Kundtová-Klocová E; Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.; Kunuroglu F; İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Turkey.; Aidy CL; York University, Canada.; Lee A; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.; Lindqvist A; Lund University, Sweden.; López-López W; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.; Luzvinda L; State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatuillah Jakarta, Indonesia.; Maricchiolo F; Roma Tre University, Italy.; Martinot D; Université Clermont Auvergne (LAPSCO), France.; McNamara RA; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.; Meister A; IMD Business School, Switzerland.; Melka TL; Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.; Mickuviene N; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.; Miranda-Orrego MI; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador.; Mkamwa T; Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania.; Morandini J; The University of Sydney, Australia.; Morton T; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.; Mrisho D; Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania.; Nikitin J; University of Vienna, Austria.; Otten S; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; Pacilli MG; Università di Perugia, Italy.; Page-Gould E; University of Toronto, Canada.; Perandrés-Gómez A; Universidad de Granada, Spain.; Pizarro J; Deusto Business School, Bilbao, Spain.; Pop-Jordanova N; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.; Pyrkosz-Pacyna J; AGH University of Krakow, Poland.; Quta S; Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine.; Ramis T; Sunway University, Malaysia.; Rani N; Independent Researcher, India.; Redersdorff S; Université Clermont Auvergne (LAPSCO), France.; Régner I; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, France.; Renström EA; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.; Rivera-Rodriguez A; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.; Esmeralda RT; UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.; Ryabichenko T; National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow, Russia.; Saab R; American University of Beirut, Lebanon.; University of Sussex, UK.; Sakata K; Hiroshima University, Japan.; Samekin A; M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; Sánchez-Pacheco T; Osnabrück University, Germany.; Scheifele C; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Research Foundation of Flanders, Belgium.; RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.; Schulmeyer MK; Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.; Sczesny S; University of Bern, Switzerland.; Sirlopú D; Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.; Smith-Castro V; University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica.; Soo K; University of Tartu, Estonia.; Spaccatini F; Università di Perugia, Italy.; Steele JR; York University, Canada.; Steffens MC; RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.; Sucic I; Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia.; Vandello J; University of South Florida, USA.; Velásquez-Díaz LM; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.; Vink M; Utrecht University, The Netherlands.; Vives E; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, France.; Warkineh TZ; Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.; Žeželj I; University of Belgrade, Serbia.; Zhang X; Shenzhen University, China.; Zhao X; Ohio University, USA.; Koc Y; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; Kocak ÖE; Instanbul Medipol University, Turkey.; Martiny SE; UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway. |
| Source: | The British journal of social psychology [Br J Soc Psychol] 2025 Apr; Vol. 64 (2), pp. e12806. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 23. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8105534 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-8309 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01446665 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Soc Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: : Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell; Original Publication: Letchworth Herts : British Psychological Society |
| MeSH Terms: | Parental Leave*/legislation & jurisprudence ; Social Norms* ; Child Care* ; Cross-Cultural Comparison* ; Public Policy*; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Child ; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies |
| Abstract: | In the present work, we addressed the relationship between parental leave policies and social norms. Using a pre-registered, cross-national approach, we examined the relationship between parental leave policies and the perception of social norms for the gender division of childcare. In this study, 19,259 students (11,924 women) from 48 countries indicated the degree to which they believe childcare is (descriptive norm) and should be (prescriptive norm) equally divided among mothers and fathers. Policies were primarily operationalized as the existence of parental leave options in the respective country. The descriptive and prescriptive norms of equal division of childcare were stronger when parental leave was available in a country - also when controlling for potential confounding variables. Moreover, analyses of time since policy change suggested that policy change may initially affect prescriptive norms and then descriptive norms at a later point. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, drawing causal inferences is difficult.; (© 2024 British Psychological Society.) |
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| Grant Information: | SCHU 3362/2-1 German Research Foundation; 430-2018-00361 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Development Grant; 435-2014-1247 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Development Grant; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University); ES/S00274X/1 Economic and Social Research Council; PID2019-111549GB-I00 Spanish State Research Agency; GD20CXL06 Guangdong 13th-five Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project; 31600912 National Natural Science Foundation of China; HUME Lab Experimental Humanities Laboratory, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University; 15130009 Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies; 15110006 Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research; 756-2017-0249 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; APVV 20-0319 Slovak Research and Development Agency; CRC 152583 Canada Research Chairs; 140649 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; 152655 Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; P1ZHP1_184553 Switzerland SNSF_ Swiss National Science Foundation; P500PS_206546 Switzerland SNSF_ Swiss National Science Foundation; P2LAP1_194987 Switzerland SNSF_ Swiss National Science Foundation |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: childcare; gender inequality; parental leave; policy; social norms |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20241023 Date Completed: 20250424 Latest Revision: 20250516 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/bjso.12806 |
| PMID: | 39439425 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article