Viral load undetectable state and predictors among children and adolescents living with HIV in South Gondar, Ethiopia, 2023: an 8-year retrospective cohort study.
| Title: | Viral load undetectable state and predictors among children and adolescents living with HIV in South Gondar, Ethiopia, 2023: an 8-year retrospective cohort study. |
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| Authors: | Chanie ES; Pedatric and Neonatal Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia ermisis1888@gmail.com.; Feleke DG; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Emiru TD; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Abuhay AG; Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Hailemeskel HS; Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Baye AA; Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Bantie B; Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Amare AT; Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Nega TD; Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Anley DT; Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Dessie AM; Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Asnakew S; Department of Psychiatric, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Moges N; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Kassahun WM; Department of Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Diress MA; Department of Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Asfaw AK; Department of Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Ferede DA; Department of Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; Wondifraw EB; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.; Jimma MS; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Assosa University, Asosa, Ethiopia.; GebreEyesus FA; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia.; Chanie SS; Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. |
| Source: | BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2024 Oct 26; Vol. 14 (10), pp. e083206. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 26. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | HIV Infections*/drug therapy ; HIV Infections*/virology ; Viral Load*; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Child ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Child, Preschool ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Drug Monitoring |
| Abstract: | Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the zonal-wide load undetectable state and predictors among children and adolescents living with HIV at South Gondar health institutions, 2023.; Design: A retrospective cohort study.; Setting: South Gondar Health Institutions, Northwest, Ethiopia.; Participants: We recruited 430 children and adolescents living with HIV who had a follow-up at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at health institutions from 1 June 2016 to 30 April 2023.; Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure of this study was the viral load undetectable state estimation. Moreover, the study assessed the median time viral load undetectable state and its predictors by the Cox-proportional hazard model. Data were entered into Epi-data V.4.2 and exported to STATA V.17 statistical software for analysis.; Results: The mean follow-up period was 8.5 (95% CI 8.1 to 8.9)±4.4 SD months, overall yielding 9151 person-month observations. At the end of the follow-up, 369 (85.8%, 95% CI 82.6% to 88.8%) of the children and adolescents achieved the viral load undetected state. Moreover, the overall median survival time to develop viral load undetectable state was found to be 6 months.The viral load undetected state in children and adolescents who have a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count above the threshold level was 2.8 times higher than those in children and adolescents with a CD4 count lower than the threshold level (adjusted HR (AHR) 2.8 (95% CI 1.5, 5.3)). Likewise, the viral load undetected state in children and adolescents who have a good level of ART adherence was 2.0 times higher than those children and adolescents with a fair/poor level of ART adherence (AHR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1, 3.9)). Moreover, children and adolescents who had nutritional status ≥-2 Z score increased a viral load undetected state by 2.3 times as compared with children and adolescents with nutritional status |
| Competing Interests: | Competing interests: None declared. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Adolescent; Child; Epidemiology; HIV & AIDS; Public health |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Anti-HIV Agents) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20241026 Date Completed: 20241026 Latest Revision: 20260127 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11529739 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083206 |
| PMID: | 39461862 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't