Effect of whitening pens on hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber, color change and surface morphology.
| Title: | Effect of whitening pens on hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber, color change and surface morphology. |
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| Authors: | Barbosa LMM; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: laryssamylenna@hotmail.com.; Centenaro GG; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriellecentenaro@gmail.com.; Cordeiro DCF; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: deisycfcordeiro@gmail.com.; Rodrigues MAM; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: malice820@gmail.com.; Condolo L; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: leticiaccondolo@gmail.com.; Favoreto MW; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: michaelfavoreto@hotmail.com.; Reis A; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: reis_ale@hotmail.com.; Loguercio AD; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: aloguercio@hotmail.com. |
| Source: | Journal of dentistry [J Dent] 2025 Mar; Vol. 154, pp. 105595. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 29. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0354422 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-176X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03005712 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Dent Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Kidlington : Elsevier; Original Publication: Bristol, Eng., Wright. |
| MeSH Terms: | Hydrogen Peroxide*/pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen Peroxide*/administration & dosage ; Tooth Bleaching*/instrumentation ; Tooth Bleaching*/methods ; Tooth Bleaching Agents*/pharmacokinetics ; Tooth Bleaching Agents*/administration & dosage ; Dental Pulp Cavity*/drug effects ; Dental Pulp Cavity*/metabolism; Humans ; Surface Properties ; Color ; Permeability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Bicuspid ; Spectrophotometry ; Time Factors ; Materials Testing |
| Abstract: | Objective: To evaluate hydrogen peroxide (HP) permeability into the pulp chamber, color change, and surface morphology promoted by different whitening pens.; Material and Methods: Fifty premolars were divided into five groups (n = 10): untreated control; Colgate Optic White Express Whitening Pen (OE-C), Colgate Optic White Overnight Whitening Pen (OW-C), Equate Teeth Whitening Kit (TK-E) and Zimba Teeth Whitening Pen (TW-Z), applied daily for 15 minutes over ten days. HP permeability (μg/mL) was measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy, and color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and WID) by a digital spectrophotometer at baseline (T0), after one (T1), five (T5) and ten days (T10). Initial HP concentration (%), pH and surface morphology were determined through titration, pH meter, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Statistical analysis included one-way and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05).; Results: OE-C and OW-C exhibited higher pH, lower HP concentrations, reduced HP penetration (p < 0.05), and a similar surface morphology pattern compared to TK-E and TW-Z. Bleaching efficacy showed no significant differences among the whitening pens (p > 0.05). For ΔEab and ΔE00, OE-C and OW-C showed similar color changes across all time points, whereas the TK-E and TW-Z exhibited greater changes from T0 to T5 and T0 to T10 (p < 0.05). WID values significantly increased at T5 and T10 across all groups (p < 0.05).; Conclusions: Whitening pens vary in pH, initial hydrogen peroxide concentration, and hydrogen peroxide penetration; however, these differences do not significantly impact their surface morphology and bleaching effect.; Clinical Significance: The use of whitening pens appears promising for achieving effective teeth bleaching after five days of application. However, the detection of hydrogen peroxide within the pulp chamber may increase the risk of tooth sensitivity.; (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Whitening pens; dental enamel permeability; dentin permeability; tooth bleaching |
| Substance Nomenclature: | BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide); 0 (Tooth Bleaching Agents) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250131 Date Completed: 20250504 Latest Revision: 20250525 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105595 |
| PMID: | 39889815 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article