Mapping of regions with low tuberculosis notification and estimation of diagnostic gaps in Cameroon, evidence from OpenStreetMap and WorldPop data.
| Title: | Mapping of regions with low tuberculosis notification and estimation of diagnostic gaps in Cameroon, evidence from OpenStreetMap and WorldPop data. |
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| Authors: | Jouego CG; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group (MDRG), University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. jouego.christelle@gmail.com.; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. jouego.christelle@gmail.com.; Collins TN; National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Tegomoh B; Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Geenen C; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.; Netongo PM; Molecular Diagnostics Research Group (MDRG), University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; André E; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.; Faccin M; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy.; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Bolgna, Viale C. Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy. |
| Source: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Feb 10; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 4992. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Feb 10. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | Tuberculosis*/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis*/diagnosis; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; Rifampin/pharmacology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Incidence ; Risk Factors |
| Abstract: | Since 2012, Cameroon has introduced rapid molecular diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB). Despite this progress, WHO estimates indicate a TB diagnostic gap of 43% at the national level in 2019. This raises questions about the strategic allocation of available rapid molecular diagnostic tools to areas with lower TB notification. In a cross-sectional study, we combined Cameroon notification data on TB (2019), rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB (2015-2019), as well as local TB risk factors, availability, intensity of use and accessibility of the Xpert MTB-RIF test with openly available geospatial datasets from OpenStreetMap and WorldPop. A mathematical model estimated TB and RR-TB incidence rates at the regional level. We compared these estimates with the number of reported TB cases to identify diagnostic gaps. Centre, East and Far North regions had the highest estimated TB incidence rates (400, 300 and 200 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively), while South and Adamawa had the highest estimated RR-TB incidence rates (14.9 and 8.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). We report a national diagnostic gap of 53% and 50% for TB and RR-TB, respectively. These findings highlight the need to improve the allocation of diagnostic tools that follows the local disease burden in resource-limited settings to improve health equity.; (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Cameroon; Open-source data; Spatial analysis; Tuberculosis; Under-diagnosis |
| Substance Nomenclature: | VJT6J7R4TR (Rifampin) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250210 Date Completed: 20250507 Latest Revision: 20250507 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11811050 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-025-87682-5 |
| PMID: | 39929893 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article