Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii.
| Title: | Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii. |
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| Authors: | Nguyen-Ngoc L; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Luat DM; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Str., 5th Dist., Ho Chi Minh Chity 700000, Vietnam.; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.; Doan-Nhu H; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Pham HM; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Str., 5th Dist., Ho Chi Minh Chity 700000, Vietnam.; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.; Krock B; Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Ökologische, Chemie Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.; Huynh-Thi ND; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Tran-Thi LV; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Tran-Thi MH; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Pham AH; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA.; Nguyen-Tam V; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam.; Nhan-Luu TT; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Str., 5th Dist., Ho Chi Minh Chity 700000, Vietnam.; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.; Do HH; Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da Str., Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City 650000, Vietnam. |
| Source: | Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2025 Feb 10; Vol. 17 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Feb 10. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101530765 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6651 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726651 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxins (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel : MDPI |
| MeSH Terms: | Dinoflagellida*/genetics ; Dinoflagellida*/classification ; Dinoflagellida*/growth & development; Seawater/parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Vietnam ; Tropical Climate |
| Abstract: | Five species of Alexandrium (A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii) are commonly found in Vietnamese waters. They were distinguished based on their apical pore complex (A.P.C), precingular first plate (1'), ventral pore (Vp), and sulcal platelets. A genetic analysis was conducted using nuclear rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU (D1-D3, D8-D10). The growth rates of A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. tamiyavanichii, and A. pseudogonyaulax were quite similar. Specifically, these four species had the highest growth rates at two temperature levels of 24 °C and 27 °C, at salinities ranging from 25 psu to 35 psu. Furthermore, these species were able to adapt to a low salinity of 20 psu at temperatures from 18 °C to 27 °C. No Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) were found in the two Alexandrium affine strains, VINVN01-1 and VINVN01-2. The detection limit for PSTs ranged from 0.45 to 15.5 fg cell-1, depending on the molecular response and available biomass. |
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| Grant Information: | VINIF.2022.DA.00079 Vingroup Innovation Foundation |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Alexandrium spp.; ITS; LSU (D1–D3); LSU (D8–D10); PSTs; Vietnam; growth rate |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250225 Date Completed: 20250510 Latest Revision: 20250606 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11862000 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/toxins17020081 |
| PMID: | 39998098 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't