Shielding resources for four common radiopharmaceuticals utilized for imaging and therapy: Tc-99m, F-18, I-131, and Lu-177.
| Title: | Shielding resources for four common radiopharmaceuticals utilized for imaging and therapy: Tc-99m, F-18, I-131, and Lu-177. |
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| Authors: | Oumano M; Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.; Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Safety, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.; Landauer Medical Physics, Glenwood, Illinois, USA.; Wendt R; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.; Botti J; Nuclear Medicine Medical Physics Consultants, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; Busse N; Colorado Associates in Medical Physics, Denver, Colorado, USA.; Hintenlang D; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.; Leon S; Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.; Little K; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.; Martin M; Therapy Physics Inc., Signal Hill, California, USA.; Massoth R; Sunflower Medical Physics LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.; Matthews K; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.; Prasad R; Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.; White S; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.; Clements J; University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA. |
| Source: | Journal of applied clinical medical physics [J Appl Clin Med Phys] 2025 May; Vol. 26 (5), pp. e70084. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 24. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Wiley on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101089176 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-9914 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15269914 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Appl Clin Med Phys Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2017- : Malden, MA : Wiley on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine; Original Publication: Reston, VA : American College of Medical Physics, c2000- |
| MeSH Terms: | Radiopharmaceuticals*/chemistry ; Radiation Protection*/instrumentation ; Radiation Protection*/methods ; Technetium*/chemistry ; Iodine Radioisotopes*/chemistry ; Lutetium*/chemistry ; Radioisotopes*/chemistry ; Phantoms, Imaging*; Humans ; Monte Carlo Method ; Fluorine Radioisotopes |
| Abstract: | Introduction: The use of radioactive materials in the United States has been tightly regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and other entities for many decades. In 2015, however, the Joint Commission began to require hospital-based nuclear medicine departments to conduct shielding designs and evaluations for radioactive material areas, mirroring established x-ray practices. NCRP Report No. 147 guides diagnostic medical x-ray shielding, but obviously cannot be used alone for nuclear medicine applications. The rising demand for theranostic nuclear medicine shielding evaluations particularly necessitates updated focused guidance, the aim of this report.; Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using GATE software to analyze the effects of various barriers on the transmission of radioactive emissions. The simulations used point sources of Tc-99m, F-18, I-131, and Lu-177 and evaluated dose deposition to blocks of tissue using Dose Actors. Different ceiling heights (ranging from 10-16 feet) were also tested for scattering effects. The Archer equation was employed to fit transmission curves and estimate required barrier thicknesses.; Results: Broad beam transmission factors and Archer fitting parameters are reported for various materials including lead, gypsum, concrete (light weight and normal weight), glass, and steel. A sample shielding calculation is provided for a wall separating Lu-177 dotatate patients from an adjacent office to maintain public dose limits. Relevant occupancy factors are also provided.; Conclusions: While Lu-177 has a relatively low exposure rate constant, shielding may be necessary for high-volume therapies like Lu-177 DOTATATE and Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan PSMA. Shielding involves accounting for broad radiation beams and requires thorough characterization of radiation buildup. When shielding to the typical height of 7 feet, scatter from ceilings and floors is negligible for transmission above 10%, but severely limits the ability to shield for transmission below 1%.; (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of The American Association of Physicists in Medicine.) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Lu‐177; nuclear medicine; radiation safety; shielding; theranostics |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Radiopharmaceuticals); 7440-26-8 (Technetium); 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes); 5H0DOZ21UJ (Lutetium); 0 (Radioisotopes); BRH40Y9V1Q (Lutetium-177); 0 (Iodine-131); 0 (Fluorine Radioisotopes) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250325 Date Completed: 20250509 Latest Revision: 20250510 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12059296 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/acm2.70084 |
| PMID: | 40128884 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article