Preparation and synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide nanoplates on the fire resistance and thermal stability of the intumescent flame retardant epoxy composite.
| Title: | Preparation and synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide nanoplates on the fire resistance and thermal stability of the intumescent flame retardant epoxy composite. |
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| Authors: | Doanh TC; Hanoi University of Industry 298 Cau Dien, Bac Tu Liem Hanoi 12000 Vietnam.; Thi NH; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam.; Nguyen HT; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Oanh HT; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Doan TD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam.; Tuyen ND; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Vu MT; Hanoi University of Industry 298 Cau Dien, Bac Tu Liem Hanoi 12000 Vietnam.; Hoang MH; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam hoangmaiha@ich.vast.vn.; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10072 Vietnam. |
| Source: | RSC advances [RSC Adv] 2025 May 20; Vol. 15 (21), pp. 16814-16825. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 20 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101581657 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2046-2069 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20462069 NLM ISO Abbreviation: RSC Adv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Cambridge [England] : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2011]- |
| Abstract: | Aluminum hydroxide nanoplates (nATH), with an average particle size of about 350-450 nm and a thickness of 30 nm, were successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal process using an Al(OH)3 gel precursor. The ATH nanoplates were then surface-treated with organic compounds and incorporated into an intumescent flame-retardant epoxy system containing polyethyleneimine-modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP@PEI). Among them, the combination of APP@PEI and PEI-treated nATH (nATHPEI) exhibited the highest synergistic effect on the fire resistance and thermal stability of epoxy resin due to the superior dispersion of the nanoplates. Additionally, the optimal mass ratio of two flame retardant additives was examined. As a result, a nanocomposite containing 3 wt% nATHPEI and 7 wt% APP@PEI exhibited the best flame resistance and thermal-oxidative stability. This nanocomposite reached a V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test with a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.1%, and a substantial char yield of 17.98% at 900 °C. Char residues of samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis to investigate the reasonable flame retardant mechanism. The results demonstrated that the formation of highly thermally stable aluminum phosphates played an important role in the augmentation of the flame retardancy in the condensed phase. Furthermore, tension and Izod impact tests indicated that the presence of nATHPEI notably increased the mechanical properties of composite loading APP@PEI. This combination provides a promising approach for intumescent flame retardant applications in epoxy resin.; (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.) |
| Competing Interests: | There are no conflicts of interest to declare. |
| References: | ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 May 28;6(10):7363-70. (PMID: 24742305); Small. 2014 Feb 12;10(3):599-608. (PMID: 24000121); RSC Adv. 2024 Feb 9;14(8):5264-5275. (PMID: 38343997); ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Aug 19;7(32):17919-28. (PMID: 26186089); Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2015 Jan 7;17(1):398-406. (PMID: 25407696) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250521 Latest Revision: 20250522 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12091328 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d5ra00231a |
| PMID: | 40395801 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article