Magnitude of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria from tracheal aspirates of intensive care unit patients in Ethiopia.
| Title: | Magnitude of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria from tracheal aspirates of intensive care unit patients in Ethiopia. |
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| Authors: | Berhe ZG; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Haile SA; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Hundie GB; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wami AA; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Addis T; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Alehegn E; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Abayneh M; Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Zergaw ST; Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Engida ND; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Gebreyohanns A; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Workneh F; Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Hadgu TW; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Kahasay Y; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Gorems K; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Geremew RA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Teshome FG; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Adinew T; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Gebrelibanos DK; Wolkite University, Ethiopia.; Akalu GT; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Solomon S; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| Source: | PloS one [PLoS One] 2025 Jun 24; Vol. 20 (6), pp. e0324199. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 24 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science |
| MeSH Terms: | beta-Lactamases*/metabolism ; Gram-Negative Bacteria*/isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria*/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria*/enzymology ; Trachea*/microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/epidemiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Intensive Care Units ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Infant ; Prevalence |
| Abstract: | Background: Globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL)Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are causing significant public health problems, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) among patients on mechanical ventilation. The objective of the study was to identify Gram-negative bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates, determine the prevalence of MDR, and assess the prevalence of ESBL production among the isolates.; Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC). A total of 181 ICU patients on mechanical ventilation from January to August of 2022 were included. Tracheal aspirates were collected using consecutive sampling techniques, and the samples were inoculated on chocolate, blood, and MacConkey agar plates. Conventional biochemical tests were used to identify Gram-negative bacteria, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was carried out via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The production of ESBL was confirmed by the combination disc method. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software.; Results: In this study, 181 study participants were enrolled, with an age distribution ranging from 1 year to 81 years and a median and mode of 15 years and 1 year, respectively. The overall prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria was 65.2%. A total of 189 Gram-negative bacteria were found, of which 52 (44.1%) showed a single organism and 66 (55.9%) were multiple organisms. Of the 189 isolates, 69.8% were MDR, while 86.8% were ESBL producers. Acinetobacter species (50.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.6%) were the predominant isolates, with MDRs of 78.1% and 71.4%, respectively, and ESBLs of 100% and 82.1%, respectively.; Conclusions: A high magnitude of MDR and ESBL was detected. In addition, there was high resistance to cephalosporin-class antibiotics, which is concerning. The MDRs Acinetobacter spp. and K. pneumoniae were the predominant isolates. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance levels, implementing antimicrobial stewardship, and an effective infection control program should be strengthened.; (Copyright: © 2025 Berhe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250624 Date Completed: 20250624 Latest Revision: 20250626 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12186978 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0324199 |
| PMID: | 40554487 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article