Recent Alcohol Use Influences Associations between Cortisol Levels and Negative Affect: The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study.
| Title: | Recent Alcohol Use Influences Associations between Cortisol Levels and Negative Affect: The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study. |
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| Authors: | Fitzpatrick-Schmidt T; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Room 734, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Oral E; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Biostatistics, School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Welsh DA; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Molina PE; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Room 734, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Ferguson TF; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Room 734, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Epidemiology, School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Edwards S; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. sedwa5@lsuhsc.edu.; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Room 734, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. sedwa5@lsuhsc.edu.; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. sedwa5@lsuhsc.edu. |
| Source: | AIDS and behavior [AIDS Behav] 2025 Dec; Vol. 29 (12), pp. 3769-3782. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 07. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Springer Science + Business Media Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9712133 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3254 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10907165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Behav Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2005- : New York, NY : Springer Science + Business Media; Original Publication: New York, NY : Plenum Press, 1997- |
| MeSH Terms: | Hydrocortisone*/blood ; HIV Infections*/psychology ; HIV Infections*/epidemiology ; HIV Infections*/blood ; HIV Infections*/complications ; Alcohol Drinking*/psychology ; Alcohol Drinking*/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking*/blood ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/blood; New Orleans/epidemiology ; Major Depressive Disorder/epidemiology ; Major Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Comorbidity ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System |
| Abstract: | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection contributes to both neurological and psychiatric disorders. People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by chronic pain and negative affective comorbidities, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PWH are also more likely to consume alcohol, further exacerbating these conditions. Dysregulation of biological stress systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is believed to contribute to these comorbidities. The current analysis sourced data from the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study, a longitudinal investigation of alcohol use patterns in an underserved cohort of PWH. Prior findings from this cohort demonstrated that higher alcohol consumption is associated with worse mental health outcomes (e.g., greater depression and anxiety). Here we examined the relationships between negative affective comorbidities (anxiety, depression, and PTSD), pain, alcohol use, and plasma levels of cortisol, the major stress hormone, in PWH. Our analysis revealed significant associations between cortisol levels, PTSD symptoms, and pain intensity. Moreover, the relationship between PTSD and cortisol was stronger among recent alcohol drinkers (PEth-positive participants) and males. The association between pain intensity and cortisol was also stronger in recent alcohol drinkers. Although depression and cortisol levels showed no overall relationship, females with the highest depression scores exhibited significantly higher cortisol levels. Our findings emphasize the need for further investigation into how ongoing alcohol use may increase relationships between cortisol and the deterioration of mental health in male and female PWH.; (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. |
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| Grant Information: | P60 AA009803 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; T32 AA007577 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; F30 AA030941 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; F30AA030941 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; T32AA007577 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; P60AA009803 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Alcohol use disorder; Cortisol; Negative affect; Pain; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Stress |
| Substance Nomenclature: | WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250707 Date Completed: 20251102 Latest Revision: 20260512 |
| Update Code: | 20260512 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13159564 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10461-025-04815-7 |
| PMID: | 40622513 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article