Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.
| Title: | Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries. |
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| Authors: | Smit RAJ; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Wade KH; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Hui Q; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Arias JD; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Yin X; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Christiansen MR; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Yengo L; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Preuss MH; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Nakabuye M; Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Algorithmic Fairness Research Group, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Rocheleau G; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Center for Genomic Data Analytics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Graham SE; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Buchanan VL; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Chittoor G; Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.; Graff M; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Guindo-Martínez M; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Lu Y; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Marouli E; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Sakaue S; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Spracklen CN; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.; Vedantam S; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Wilson EP; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Chen SH; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Ferreira T; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Ji Y; Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; Karaderi T; Center for Health Data Science, Section for Health Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Lüll K; Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Machado M; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Malden DE; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Medina-Gomez C; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Moore A; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.; Rüeger S; Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Akiyama M; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Allison MA; Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Alvarez M; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Andersen MK; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Appadurai V; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Arbeeva L; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Bartell E; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Bhaskar S; Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.; Bielak LF; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Bis JC; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Bollepalli S; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Bork-Jensen J; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Bradfield JP; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Quantinuum Research, LLC, Wayne, PA, USA.; Bradford Y; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Brandl C; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Braund PS; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.; Brody JA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Broeckel U; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.; Burgdorf KS; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Congenital Disorders and Danish National Biobank, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Cade BE; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Cai Q; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Camarda S; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Campbell A; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, UK.; Cañadas-Garre M; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Chai JF; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Chesi A; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Choi SH; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Christofidou P; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.; Couture C; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.; Cuellar-Partida G; Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.; Danning R; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Degenhardt F; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; Delgado GE; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Delitala A; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.; Demirkan A; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.; Deng X; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Dietl A; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Dimitriou M; Department of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece.; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.; Dimitrov L; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Dorajoo R; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Eichelmann F; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.; Eliasen AU; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Engmann JE; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK.; Erdos MR; Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Fairhurst-Hunter Z; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Farmaki AE; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.; Faul JD; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Fernandez-Lopez JC; Department of Computational Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.; Forer L; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.; Frank M; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Freitag-Wolf S; Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.; Fritsche LG; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Fuchsberger C; Eurac Research Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy.; Galesloot TE; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Gao Y; Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA.; Geller F; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Giannakopoulou O; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Giulianini F; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Gjesing AP; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Goel A; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Cardiovascular Medicine/Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.; Gordon SD; Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Gorski M; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Grove J; Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; BiRC - Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Guo X; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Gustafsson S; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Haessler J; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.; Hansen TF; Translational Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Havulinna AS; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Haworth SJ; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Heard-Costa N; Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.; Hemerich D; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Highland HM; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Hindy G; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Ho YL; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.; Hofer E; Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Holliday E; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Horn K; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany.; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.; Hornsby WE; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Hottenga JJ; Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Huang H; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Huang J; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.; Huerta-Chagoya A; Program in Metabolism and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Huo S; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.; Hwang MY; Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Republic of Korea.; Hwu CM; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Iha H; Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.; Ikeda DD; Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.; Isono M; Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Jackson AU; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Jansen IE; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Jiang Y; 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.; Johansson I; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Jonsson A; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Jørgensen T; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Kalafati IP; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.; Kanai M; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Kanoni S; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Kårhus LL; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; Kasturiratne A; Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; Katsuya T; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Kawaguchi T; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; Kember RL; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Kentistou KA; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Kim D; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Kim HN; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Kim YJ; Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Republic of Korea.; Kleber ME; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.; Knol MJ; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Kurbasic A; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.; Lauzon M; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Le P; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Lea R; Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Qld University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.; Lee JY; Oneomics, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.; Lee WJ; Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Leonard HL; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA.; Li H; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Li SA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.; Li X; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Li X; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA.; Liang J; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Lin H; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.; Lin K; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Liu J; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Liu X; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Lo KS; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Long J; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Lores-Motta L; Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Luan J; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.; Lyssenko V; Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.; Lyytikäinen LP; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Mahajan A; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Malik MZ; Department of Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.; Mamakou V; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece.; Mangino M; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Manichaikul A; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Marten J; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Mattheisen M; Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Community Health & Epidemiology and Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.; McDaid AF; Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Mei Q; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Meiselbach H; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Melendez TL; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Milaneschi Y; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Miller JE; Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.; Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Millwood IY; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Mishra PP; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Mitchell RE; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Møllehave LT; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; Mononen N; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.; Mucha S; Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel and Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.; Munz M; Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.; Mykkänen J; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Nakatochi M; Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.; Nardone GG; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Nelson CP; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.; Nethander M; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Nho CW; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.; Nielsen AA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.; Nolte IM; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Nongmaithem SS; Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.; Noordam R; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Health Campus The Hague/Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.; Ntalla I; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Nutile T; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.; Pandit A; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Pauper M; Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Petersen ERB; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.; Petersen LV; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; The National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.; Piluso F; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Polašek O; Medical School, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia.; Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia.; Poveda A; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.; Pyarajan S; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.; Raffield LM; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Rakugi H; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Ramirez J; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Rasheed A; Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.; Raven D; Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Rayner NW; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Riveros C; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.; Rohde R; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Ruggiero D; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.; Ruotsalainen SE; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Ryan KA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Sabater-Lleal M; Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Santin A; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.; Saxena R; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Scholz M; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany.; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.; Shen B; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Shi J; 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.; Shin JH; Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.; Sidore C; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.; Sidorenko J; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Sim X; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Slieker RC; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Smith AV; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.; Smith JA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Smyth LJ; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Southam L; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Steinthorsdottir V; deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Sun L; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.; Takeuchi F; Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Taylor KD; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Tayo BO; Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.; Tcheandjieu C; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Terzikhan N; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Tesolin P; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.; Teumer A; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Theusch E; Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Thompson DJ; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Thorleifsson G; deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Timmers PRHJ; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Trompet S; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Turman C; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Vaccargiu S; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.; van der Laan SW; Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; van der Most PJ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; van Klinken JB; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; van Setten J; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Verma SS; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Verweij N; Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Veturi Y; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.; Wang CA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.; Wang C; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Wang JS; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Wang L; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Wang YX; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.; Wang Z; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Warren HR; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Bin Wei W; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; Wen W; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Wheeler WA; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, UK.; Wickremasinghe AR; Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; Wielscher M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Winsvold BS; Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Wong A; Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.; Wuttke M; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Xia R; Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Yamamoto K; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.; Yang J; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Yao J; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Young H; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; Yousri NA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.; Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.; Yu L; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Zeng L; Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.; Zhang W; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Zhang X; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Zhao JH; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.; Zhao W; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Zhou W; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Zimmermann ME; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Zoledziewska M; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.; 't Hart LM; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Adair LS; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Adams HHH; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.; Aguilar-Salinas CA; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico.; Al-Mulla F; Department of Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.; Arnett DK; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.; Asselbergs FW; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.; The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.; Åsvold BO; HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.; HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.; Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.; Attia J; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Banas B; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Bandinelli S; Geriatric Unit, Azienda Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy.; Beilin LJ; Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Bennett DA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Bergler T; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Bharadwaj D; Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India.; Biino G; Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy.; Boerwinkle E; Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Böger CA; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Regensburg, Germany.; KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany.; Borja JB; USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.; Bouchard C; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.; Bowden DW; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Brandslund I; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Brumpton B; HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.; Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.; Buring JE; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Caulfield MJ; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Chambers JC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Chandak GR; Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.; Lightening Lives, Hyderabad, India.; Chanock SJ; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Chaturvedi N; Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.; Ida Chen YD; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Chen Z; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Cheng CY; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Cho YS; Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.; Christensen K; Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Christophersen IE; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway.; Ciullo M; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy.; Cole JW; Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Neurology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Collins FS; Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Concas MP; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.; Cooper RS; Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.; Cruz M; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.; Cucca F; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.; Cutler MJ; Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA.; Damrauer SM; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Dantoft TM; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; de Borst GJ; Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; de Geus EJC; Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; de Groot LCPGM; Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.; De Jager PL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; de Kleijn DPV; Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; de Silva HJ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; Dedoussis GV; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.; den Hollander AI; Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Du S; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Easton DF; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Eckardt KU; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Elders PJM; Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Eliassen AH; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Ellinor PT; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Elmståhl S; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Erdmann J; Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.; Evans MK; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Fatkin D; Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.; Feenstra B; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Feitosa MF; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Ferrucci L; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Florez JC; Program in Metabolism and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Ford I; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Fornage M; Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Franke A; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; Franks PW; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Freedman BI; Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Gieger C; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Girotto G; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.; Golightly YM; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraksa Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; Gonzalez-Villalpando C; Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico.; Gordon-Larsen P; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Grallert H; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Grant SFA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Grarup N; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Griffiths L; Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Qld University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.; Gudnason V; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Haiman C; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Hakonarson H; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Hansen T; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Hartman CA; Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Hattersley AT; Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; Hayward C; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Heid IM; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Heng CK; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Hengstenberg C; Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Herzig KH; Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.; Hewitt AW; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Hishigaki H; Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.; Hougaard DM; Department of Congenital Disorders and Danish National Biobank, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; Hoyng CB; Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Huang PL; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Huang W; Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China.; Huang WY; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Huffman JE; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.; Hunt SC; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Hutri N; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Hveem K; HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.; HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.; Hyppönen E; Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.; Iacono WG; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; Ichihara S; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.; Ikram MA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Isasi CR; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.; Jarvelin MR; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulun, Finland.; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.; Jin ZB; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.; The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.; Jöckel KH; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Jonas JB; Institut Français de Myopie, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Privatpraxis Prof. Jonas und Dr. Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany.; L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.; Joshi PK; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Jousilahti P; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Jukema JW; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Kähönen M; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Kamatani Y; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Kang KD; Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.; Kaprio J; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Kardia SLR; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Karpe F; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.; Kato N; Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Kavousi M; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Kee F; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Kessler T; Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Khera AV; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Verve Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA.; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Khor CC; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.; Kiemeney LALM; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Kim BJ; Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Republic of Korea.; Kim EK; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Saevit Eye Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.; Kim HL; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Kirchhof P; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.; Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Münster, Germany.; Kivimaki M; UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.; Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Koh WP; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Koistinen HA; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.; Kokkinos A; First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.; Kooner JS; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK.; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Kooperberg C; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.; Kovacs P; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; Kraaijeveld A; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Kraft P; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Krauss RM; Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Kumari M; Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, UK.; Kutalik Z; Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Laakso M; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.; Lange LA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.; Langenberg C; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Launer LJ; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Lee H; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Lee NR; USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.; Lehtimäki T; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Lemaitre RN; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Li H; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.; Li L; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China.; Lieb W; Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.; Lin X; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.; Lind L; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Linneberg A; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Liu CT; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Liu J; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.; Loeffler M; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany.; Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.; London B; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Lu F; The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.; Lubitz SA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Mackey DA; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.; Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Magnusson PKE; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Manson JE; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Marcus GM; Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Marques Vidal P; Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Martin NG; Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; März W; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Matsuda F; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; McCarthy MI; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.; McGarrah RW; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; McGue M; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; McKnight AJ; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Medland SE; Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Mellström D; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Metspalu A; Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Mitchell BD; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Mitchell P; Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Mook-Kanamori DO; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Mori TA; Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Morris AD; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Mucci LA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Munroe PB; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Nalls MA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Data Tecnica, Washington, DC, USA.; Nazarian S; Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Nelson AE; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Neville MJ; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.; Newton-Cheh C; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Nielsen CS; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Niinikoski H; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Nikus K; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Nöthen MM; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Ogunniyi A; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Ohlsson C; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Oldehinkel AJ; Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Orozco L; Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.; Pahkala K; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Pajukanta P; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Palmer CNA; Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.; Parra EJ; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Pattaro C; Eurac Research Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy.; Pedersen O; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Pennell CE; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.; Penninx BWJH; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Perusse L; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.; Peters A; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Peyser PA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Porteous DJ; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Posthuma D; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Power C; Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK.; Pramstaller PP; Eurac Research Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy.; Province MA; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Psaty BM; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Qi Q; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.; Qu J; The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.; Rader DJ; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Raitakari OT; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Rallidis LS; Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.; Rao DC; Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Redline S; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Reilly DF; Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.; Reiner AP; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Rhee SY; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Ridker PM; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Rienstra M; Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Ripatti S; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Ritchie MD; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Rivadeneira F; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Roden DM; Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Rosendaal FR; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Rotter JI; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.; Rudan I; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Rutters F; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ryu S; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Sabanayagam C; Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Salako B; Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Saleheen D; Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.; Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA.; Salomaa V; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Samani NJ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.; Sanghera DK; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.; Sattar N; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Schmidt B; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Schmidt H; Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Schmidt R; Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Schulze MB; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.; Schunkert H; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Cardiology, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DZHK) - Munich Heart Alliance and Technische Universität München, München, Germany.; Scott LJ; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Scott RJ; School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Sever P; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Sheu WHH; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.; Shoemaker MB; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Shu XO; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Simonsick EM; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Sims M; Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.; Singleton AB; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Sinner MF; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.; Smith JG; Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.; The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Snieder H; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Spector TD; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.; Spedicati B; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.; Stampfer MJ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Stark KJ; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Strachan DP; Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK.; Tabara Y; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; Tai ES; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Tang H; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Tardif JC; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Thanaraj TA; Department of Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.; Tönjes A; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; Tuomi T; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.; Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.; Tuomilehto J; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; Tusié-Luna MT; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.; Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.; van Dam RM; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.; van der Harst P; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Van der Velde N; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; van Duijn CM; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; van Schoor NM; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Vitart V; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Vohl MC; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.; School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.; Völker U; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Vollenweider P; Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Völzke H; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Vrieze S; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; Wacher-Rodarte NH; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.; Walker M; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; Wander GS; Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India.; Wareham NJ; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.; Watanabe RM; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Watkins H; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Cardiovascular Medicine/Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.; Weir DR; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Werge TM; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Widen E; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Willemsen G; Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Willett WC; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Wilson JF; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Wilson PWF; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Wong TY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; Woo JT; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Wright AF; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Xu H; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Yajnik CS; Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India.; Yang J; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.; Yokota M; Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.; Yuan JM; Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Zeggini E; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.; Zemel BS; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Zheng W; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; Zhu X; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Zillikens MC; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Zonderman AB; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Zwart JA; Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Abecasis GR; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Assimes TL; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Auton A; 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.; Boehnke M; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Chasman DI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Esko T; Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Stefansson K; deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Lettre G; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Lindgren CM; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Ng MCY; Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; O'Donnell CJ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.; Thorsteinsdottir U; deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Visscher PM; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Walters RG; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Winkler TW; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Wood AR; Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; Deloukas P; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; Frayling TM; Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; Justice AE; Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Kilpeläinen TO; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Locke AE; McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Mohlke KL; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; North KE; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Okada Y; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan.; Willer CJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Young KL; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Fatumo S; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; McCaffery JM; Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.; Timpson NJ; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Hirschhorn JN; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Program in Metabolism and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Sun YV; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Berndt SI; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.; Loos RJF; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. ruth.loos@sund.ku.dk.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ruth.loos@sund.ku.dk.; Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. ruth.loos@sund.ku.dk.; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. ruth.loos@sund.ku.dk. |
| Corporate Authors: | 23andMe Research Team; DiscovEHR (DiscovEHR and MyCode Community Health Initiative); eMERGE (Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network); GPC-UGR; PRACTICAL Consortium; Understanding Society Scientific Group; VA Million Veteran Program |
| Source: | Nature medicine [Nat Med] 2025 Sep; Vol. 31 (9), pp. 3151-3168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 21. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Company Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502015 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-170X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10788956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: New York Ny : Nature Publishing Company; Original Publication: New York, NY : Nature Pub. Co., [1995- |
| MeSH Terms: | Multifactorial Inheritance*/genetics ; Obesity*/genetics ; Racial Groups*/genetics ; Racial Groups*/statistics & numerical data ; Body Mass Index*; Adiposity/genetics ; White People/genetics ; White People/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease |
| Abstract: | Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.6% African ancestry, 14.4% American ancestry, 8.4% East Asian ancestry, 71.1% European ancestry and 1.5% South Asian ancestry) from the GIANT consortium and 23andMe, Inc., we developed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PGSs. The multi-ancestry score explained 17.6% of BMI variation among UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. For other populations, this ranged from 16% in East Asian-Americans to 2.2% in rural Ugandans. In the ALSPAC study, children with higher PGSs showed accelerated BMI gain from age 2.5 years to adolescence, with earlier adiposity rebound. Adding the PGS to predictors available at birth nearly doubled explained variance for BMI from age 5 onward (for example, from 11% to 21% at age 8). Up to age 5, adding the PGS to early-life BMI improved prediction of BMI at age 18 (for example, from 22% to 35% at age 5). Higher PGSs were associated with greater adult weight gain. In intensive lifestyle intervention trials, individuals with higher PGSs lost modestly more weight in the first year (0.55 kg per s.d.) but were more likely to regain it. Overall, these data show that PGSs have the potential to improve obesity prediction, particularly when implemented early in life.; (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Competing interests: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. M.I.McC. (since June 2019) and A.Mah (since January 2020) are employees of Genentech and holders of Roche stock. Yu.J., Ji.S. and Ad.A. are employed by and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe, Inc. S.W.v.d.L. has received Roche funding for unrelated work. M.J.Ca. is Chief Scientist for Genomics England, a UK Government company. P.S. has received research awards from Pfizer, Inc. D.H. is currently employed at Bristol Myers Squibb. G.C.-P. is an employee of 23andMe, Inc. Since completing the work contributed to this paper, D.J.T. has left the University of Cambridge and is now employed by Genomics plc. I.N. is an employee and stock owner of Gilead Sciences; this work was conducted before employment by Gilead Sciences. P.Ki. received research support for basic, translational and clinical research projects from the German Research Foundation (DFG), the European Union, the British Heart Foundation, the Leducq Foundation, the Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, the Dutch Heart Foundation (DHF), the Accelerating Clinical Trials funding stream in Canada, the Medical Research Council (UK) and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research and from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past but not in the last 5 years. P.Ki. is listed as inventor on two issued patents held by the University of Hamburg (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571 and Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). M.R. received consultancy fees from Bayer (OCEANIC-AF national PI) and InCarda Therapeutics (RESTORE-SR national PI) to the institution, unrelated to this research/dataset. M.J.Cu. has served on advisory boards or consulted for Boston Scientific, Biosense Webster, Janssen Scientific Affairs and Johnson & Johnson. R.J.F.L. has acted as a member of advisory boards and as a speaker for Eli Lilly and the Novo Nordisk Foundation, for which she has received fees. S.N. is a scientific advisor to Circle software, ADAS software, CardioSolv and ImriCor and receives grant support from Biosense Webster, ADAS software and ImriCor. S.A.Lu. is an employee of Novartis. S.A.Lu. received sponsored research support from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fitbit, Medtronic, Premier and IBM and has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Blackstone Life Sciences and Invitae. P.T.E. receives sponsored research support from Bayer AG, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer and Novo Nordisk; he has also served on advisory boards or consulted for Bayer AG. Her.S. has received honoraria for consulting from AstraZeneca, MSD/Merck, Daiichi, Servier, Amgen and Takeda Pharma. He has additionally received honoraria for lectures and/or chairs from AstraZeneca, BayerVital, BRAHMS, Daiichi, Medtronic, Novartis, Sanofi and Servier. S.E.G. is employed by Regeneron. C.J.W. is employed by Regeneron. B.M.P. serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson. K.S. is employed by deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Va.S. is employed by deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. G.T. is employed by deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. U.T. is employed by deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. E.Ba. is an employee of Empirico, Inc. Al.K. declares having received research grants through his affiliation from Novo Nordisk and Pharmaserve Lilly and consulting honoraria from Pharmaserve Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, Novo Nordisk, MSD, AstraZeneca, ELPEN Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galenica Pharma, Epsilon Health and Winmedica. J.N.H. holds equity in Camp4 Therapeutics. A.E.L. is currently employed by and holds stock in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. G.R.A. is an employee of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and owns stock and stock options in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. A.Pa. is currently employed by and holds stock in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. O.G. is an employee and stock owner of UCB Pharma; this work was conducted before employment by UCB. N.G. is currently employed at Novo Nordisk A/S. M.E.K. is employed by SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH. W.M. reports grants and personal fees from AMGEN, BASF, Sanofi, Siemens Diagnostics, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Danone Research, Numares, Pfizer and Hoffmann-La Roche; personal fees from MSD and Alexion; and grants from Abbott Diagnostics, all outside the submitted work. W.M. is employed by Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH. C.J.O. is a current employee of Novartis Biomedical Research. S.M.D. receives research support from RenalytixAI and in-kind research support from Novo Nordisk, outside the scope of the current research. Ca.S. is currently employed by and holds stock in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. J.C.F. received speaking honoraria from AstraZeneca, Merck and Novo Nordisk for talks over which he had full control of content and a consulting honorarium from AstraZeneca. H.L.L. receives support from a consulting contract between Data Tecnica International and the National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH). M.A.N. receives support from a consulting contract between Data Tecnica and the NIA, NIH. T.D.S. is a co-founder and shareholder of ZOE, Ltd. P.R.H.J.T. is a salaried employee of BioAge Labs, Inc. A.I.d.H. is currently an employee of AbbVie. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Grant Information: | R01 DK093757 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; RC2 MH089951 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; U10 HL054472 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054472 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; S10 OD017985 United States OD NIH HHS; P30 AG072975 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 DA005147 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; RC4 AG039029 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 DA036216 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 HL053353 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054471 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC085080 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 AG046152 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; K99 HL130580 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL103612 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; 75N92020D00002 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; 75N92021D00002 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201500003C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG008676 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; U01 HL054496 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UM1 DK126194 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; UL1 TR000445 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; 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N01 HC065235 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268200800007C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC085086 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL085251 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U19 HL065962 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DK056992 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U01 HG011717 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; N01 HC085083 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 CA176726 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 HL054509 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; 75N92020D00001 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DK057171 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HL113338 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG011719 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 DK072193 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U01 CA188392 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; P30 DK058404 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK118427 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK135938 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R00 HL130580 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 CA167552 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 HL147853 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL142302 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL177209 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL074166 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; S10 RR025141 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 DK104371 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK110113 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R37 HL045508 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 CA144034 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 DK136671 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HL086694 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R35 HL135824 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AA013326 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 AG017917 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; P01 HL154996 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AG065357 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 AA001455 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; N01 HC095167 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK107786 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R56 DA012854 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 HL087652 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG004402 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 DK075787 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 AG034454 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 EY022310 United States EY NEI NIH HHS; R01 AA009203 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; U01 DK057182 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 NS100178 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; HHSN268201800014C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; S10 OD026880 United States OD NIH HHS; P20 RR020649 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 TW005596 United States TW FIC NIH HHS; U01 DK057136 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 NR012459 United States NR NINR NIH HHS; 75N92020D00003 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC095159 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054464 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 CA056678 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 HL119443 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201200008C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK087914 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; 75N92021D00001 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DK105535 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 AA013321 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; U01 DK057002 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; T32 GM135123 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R01 DK062370 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HL105756 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; T32 HL129982 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 MH058799 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; U01 HG008672 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 HL108427 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R35 HL135818 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 CA128978 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 DK062418 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HHSN268201800003I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HG011052 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; P30 DK063491 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U01 HG008684 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; U01 DK057177 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HHSN268200782096C United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; EP-C-15-001 United States EPA EPA; N01 HC065234 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK066358 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; Z01 CP010152 United States ImNIH Intramural NIH HHS; R01 CA064277 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800007I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; P30 AG010161 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 DK101855 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; P30 DK072488 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HHSN268201800001C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG008679 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; U19 CA148537 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 EY014684 United States EY NEI NIH HHS; N01 HC025195 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800013I United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; R35 CA053890 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 DA042755 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; HHSN268201200036C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201700001I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HD056465 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; Z01 AG000513 United States ImNIH Intramural NIH HHS; U01 NS069208 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; N01 HC055222 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054457 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; ZIA CP010152 United States ImNIH Intramural NIH HHS; R01 HL151152 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 CA055069 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 DK057078 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HHSN268201700004I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; I01 BX003340 United States BX BLRD VA; U01 HG008666 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 CA063464 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201500001I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; 75N92021D00003 United States WH WHI NIH HHS; R01 DK118011 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HD074711 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; UM1 CA186107 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; N01 HC085079 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG011723 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; K02 AA018755 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 NS114045 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; 75N92020D00004 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UL1 TR004419 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; D43 TW009077 United States TW FIC NIH HHS; K05 CA175147 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; RC2 GM092618 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R01 CA082664 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 HL156991 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HD100406 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; HHSN271201100005C United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; UL1 TR001420 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U01 HL054498 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK139598 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HL172803 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U24 MH068457 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; UM1 CA182913 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 DK057131 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; 75N92020D00007 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DA012854 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 CA054281 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; K05 AA000145 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 AG028050 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; KL2 RR024990 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; U01 CA063464 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; P50 GM115305 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; N01 HC095163 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800011C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DP003206 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; R01 HG011432 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 CA128813 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U19 AG063893 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; U54 MD007593 United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; M01 RR007122 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 CA047988 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201500003I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HD058886 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; KL2 TR002490 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; 75N92021D00006 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; S10 OD030463 United States OD NIH HHS; R01 CA080205 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201700001C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG008680 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 HL080467 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UM1 TR004528 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; R01 HL085144 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK089256 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U19 CA148112 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 HG006378 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; HHSN268201700003C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK124097 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 AA012502 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; Z01 CP010119 United States ImNIH Intramural NIH HHS; R01 DA037904 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; HHSN268201700005C United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; I01 BX003362 United States BX BLRD VA; R56 HL150186 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201700002C United States HB NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG004436 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 NS105150 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R01 HL086718 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 AG023746 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; U01 CA098758 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800015I United States HB NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054481 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; P30 DK056350 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U19 CA148065 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 DK092127 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U01 DK056990 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK125187 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; R21 DK105913 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U01 DK057178 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U10 HL054473 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG008673 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 AA015416 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; UL1 TR000077 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; R01 NS032830 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R03 HL154284 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK053591 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; UL1 TR000040 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; RC2 AG036495 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; UL1 RR024975 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 HL157635 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC095166 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL160689 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U10 HL054495 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DK057008 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HHSN268201700002I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UL1 TR002243 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U01 HG008685 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 HL077398 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG004423 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; I01 BX005831 United States BX BLRD VA; U10 HL054496 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U10 HL054471 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG004798 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 CA049449 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800010I United States HB NHLBI NIH HHS; HHSN268201700005I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 CA080122 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; N01 HC095162 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG006379 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; 75N92020D00006 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL117078 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 DK057149 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 HL095056 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL087641 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AG023629 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; U01 HL054512 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HG008664 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800011I United States HB NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HG011035 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; R01 CA092579 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800005I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UM1 CA182910 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; T32 HL007055 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC095165 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC095164 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R37 DA005147 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; UL1 TR001881 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; HHSN268201700003I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HG010297 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; HHSN268201800006I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 HL054495 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; U01 CA164973 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R37 CA054281 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; 75N92021D00004 United States WH WHI NIH HHS; N01 HC065237 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; UM1 CA182883 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; HHSN271201200022C United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; HHSN268201200008I United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; N01 HC085081 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK078150 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; K07 AG061256 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 CA141298 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 HL054473 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DA044283 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; U01 HG008701 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; UM1 CA182876 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R37 AA012502 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 DK122503 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; N01 HC095160 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AA013320 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; K08 HG010155 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; K01 HL135405 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; P30 AR072580 United States AR NIAMS NIH HHS; R01 AG056477 United States AG NIA NIH HHS |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250721 Date Completed: 20250917 Latest Revision: 20260415 |
| Update Code: | 20260415 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12443623 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41591-025-03827-z |
| PMID: | 40691366 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article