Durian peel-seed biochar for efficient methylene blue removal from water: synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance.
| Title: | Durian peel-seed biochar for efficient methylene blue removal from water: synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance. |
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| Authors: | Huong DT; Faculty of Chemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Education 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Street Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam.; Ngan NNP; Faculty of Chemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Education 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Street Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam.; Anh DTT; Faculty of Chemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Education 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Street Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam.; Vinh ND; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam xuanvt@tnus.edu.vn.; Xuan VT; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam xuanvt@tnus.edu.vn. |
| Source: | RSC advances [RSC Adv] 2025 Sep 17; Vol. 15 (40), pp. 33726-33749. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 17 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101581657 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2046-2069 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20462069 NLM ISO Abbreviation: RSC Adv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Cambridge [England] : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2011]- |
| Abstract: | Dye contamination in wastewater represents a significant environmental challenge because of the toxic nature and poor biodegradability of these compounds. Developing cost-effective, environmentally friendly adsorbent materials derived from agricultural waste is essential for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency at a reasonable cost. This study investigated the adsorption capability of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon synthesized from durian shells and seeds (BDSS). The adsorbent was prepared via pyrolysis at 500 °C combined with a subsequent hydrothermal treatment. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate key influencing factors and adsorption characteristics. The results revealed that BDSS exhibited a high specific surface area (441.71 m2 g-1), a porous structure, an iodine number of 589 mg g-1, and a point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 6.47. The adsorption of MB onto BDSS followed the Langmuir isotherm model, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 136.99 mg g-1. The process adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetics and was identified as a spontaneous and endothermic reaction. Adsorption was observed to occur on both homogeneous and heterogeneous surface sites through a combination of physical and chemical mechanisms, including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, electron donor-acceptor interactions, and pore filling. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was well established to predict BDSS adsorption performance under varying conditions. The optimal ANN with five input variables, one hidden layer of 11 neurons, and one output neuron showed excellent predictive accuracy (R > 0.99). Initial MB concentration had the most pronounced effect, followed by temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH. The method is beneficial for process optimization and engineering applications. Furthermore, BDSS maintained 53.74% of its adsorption capacity after three reuse cycles, demonstrating good reusability. Overall, the findings suggest that BDSS-derived activated carbon is a promising, eco-friendly adsorbent with potential applications in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.; (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare no conflicts of interest. |
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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250919 Date Completed: 20250919 Latest Revision: 20250921 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12441896 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d5ra05313g |
| PMID: | 40969525 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article