Green-Synthesized MgO Nanoparticles: Structural Insights and Antimicrobial Applications.
| Title: | Green-Synthesized MgO Nanoparticles: Structural Insights and Antimicrobial Applications. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Radulescu DM; Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Neacsu IA; Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Vasile BS; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania.; Research Center for Advanced Materials, Products and Processes, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Surdu VA; Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Blvd., 500036 Brasov, Romania.; Oprea OC; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania.; Trusca RD; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Chircov C; Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Popescu RC; Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Horia Hulubei, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, 077125 Magurele, Romania.; Ilie CI; Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Ditu LM; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.; Drumea V; S.C. Biotehnos S.A., Gorunului 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania.; Andronescu E; Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.; National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.; Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania. |
| Source: | International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Sep 16; Vol. 26 (18). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 16. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000- |
| MeSH Terms: | Magnesium Oxide*/chemistry ; Magnesium Oxide*/pharmacology ; Green Chemistry Technology*/methods ; Metal Nanoparticles*/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/chemistry ; Nanoparticles*/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents*/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents*/chemistry; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Animals ; Humans ; Cell Line ; Mice ; X-Ray Diffraction |
| Abstract: | Magnesium oxide nanoparticles, or MgO NPs, have garnered a lot of attention because of their exceptional stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. However, many of the green production methods used today have limited mechanistic knowledge and low reproducibility. In order to get over these challenges, we created a standardized and environmentally friendly process for producing MgO NPs using orange peel extract, a naturally occurring biowaste source rich in phytochemicals that acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. Active precursor alteration during synthesis was clearly shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TGA-FTIR), while imaging techniques showed extremely crystalline cubic-phase MgO nanoparticles that were about 9 nm in size. The NPs displayed an irregular shape between 10 and 40 nm and a positive surface charge of +11.74 mV. Terpenoids, polymethoxyflavones, fatty acids, and sugars all work in collaboration with direct nucleation, regulate particle growth, and stabilize the nanoparticles, according to GC-MS analysis. The MgO NPs showed remarkable cytocompatibility in biology, preserving >80% viability in fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines while causing distinct metabolic regulation in osteoblasts without changing the shape of the cells. Consistent moderate activity against a variety of pathogens was confirmed by antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays, with special effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This study shows that these MgO NPs have good biocompatibility and antimicrobial qualities, indicating the need for more research for possible biomedical applications. It also clarifies the molecular role of phytochemicals in nanoparticle formation and provides a repeatable green synthesis pathway. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: antibiofilm; antimicrobial activity; biocompatibility; green synthesis; magnesium oxide nanoparticles; orange peel extract; phytochemical synergy |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 3A3U0GI71G (Magnesium Oxide); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250927 Date Completed: 20250927 Latest Revision: 20250930 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12469372 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms26189021 |
| PMID: | 41009584 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article