Non-invasive imaging techniques for predicting healing status of diabetic foot ulcers: a ten-year systematic review.
| Title: | Non-invasive imaging techniques for predicting healing status of diabetic foot ulcers: a ten-year systematic review. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Sari NN; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.; Ngo QC; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Pah ND; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Electrical Engineering, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Ogrin R; Bolton Clarke Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Ekinci E; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.; Hourani A; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Polus B; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Kumar DK; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. |
| Source: | Frontiers in medical technology [Front Med Technol] 2025 Sep 29; Vol. 7, pp. 1648973. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 29 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Systematic Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101772626 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2673-3129 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26733129 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Med Technol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers, [2019]- |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Early and accurate detection of diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) that may become chronic is essential to prevent long-term disability, amputation, and mortality. Various non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to detect and monitor DFU progression, but none have yet been widely adopted in clinical practice. This review summarizes current advancements in non-invasive image techniques for DFU wound healing prediction and identifies research directions to support clinical translation.; Methods: A systematic, multi-disciplinary review was conducted focusing on three imaging methods: photographic, hyperspectral, and thermal imaging. Articles published between July 2014 and July 2024 were searched across five databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. The search was limited to English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and applied the CASP quality appraisal tool.; Results: The initial search identified 2,937 articles, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 17 original studies (9 medical and 8 engineering) on DFU healing prediction using imaging techniques and 5 relevant review articles.; Discussion: Each imaging method offers specific benefits and faces unique limitations: photographic imaging is user-friendly but lighting-sensitive; thermal imaging reflects inflammation but requires multimodal integration; hyperspectral imaging provides biochemical insight but is costly and less portable. Visual and thermal imaging, in particular, demonstrate strong potential for early and real-time prediction when combined with machine learning/deep learning. These methods offer portability, ease of use, and potential for automated analysis on a single device, making them suitable for clinical and community settings. However, challenges such as standardization and integration complexity remain. Continued research with larger datasets and improved validation is needed to enhance clinical readiness.; (© 2025 Sari, Ngo, Pah, Ogrin, Ekinci, Hourani, Polus and Kumar.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU); healing; imaging techniques; prediction; systematic review |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251015 Date Completed: 20251015 Latest Revision: 20251017 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12515947 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmedt.2025.1648973 |
| PMID: | 41089884 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Systematic Review