Organ-Specific Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Ischemic Acute Organ Injury: Mechanisms, Successes, and Prospects.
| Title: | Organ-Specific Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Ischemic Acute Organ Injury: Mechanisms, Successes, and Prospects. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Pevzner IB; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Andrianova NV; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Lomakina AK; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Cherkesova KS; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Semenchenko ED; Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.; Plotnikov EY; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. |
| Source: | International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Oct 06; Vol. 26 (19). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 06. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000- |
| MeSH Terms: | Extracellular Vesicles*/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles*/transplantation ; Reperfusion Injury*/therapy ; Reperfusion Injury*/metabolism; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; Organ Specificity |
| Abstract: | Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathological process underlying numerous acute organ failures and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, thrombosis, and organ transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential, but their broad tropism and general repair signaling may limit their efficacy. This review addresses the emerging paradigm of using organ-specific EVs for the treatment of I/R injury in the respective organs. We summarize the existing studies performed on experimental animals showing that these native EVs could possess tissue tropism and carry a specialized cargo of proteins, miRNAs, and lipids tailored to the unique regenerative needs of their organ of origin, enabling them to precisely modulate key processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. However, their clinical translation faces challenges related to scalable production, standardization, and the dualistic nature of their effects, which can be either protective or detrimental, depending on the cellular source and pathophysiological context. Future developments need to focus on overcoming these obstacles through rigorous isolation protocols, engineering strategies such as cargo enrichment and hybrid vesicle creation, and validation in large-animal models. Overall, organ-specific EVs offer a novel, cell-free therapeutic strategy with the potential to significantly improve outcomes in I/R injury. |
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| Grant Information: | 25-25-00089 Russian Science Foundation |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: angiogenesis; apoptosis; brain; extracellular vesicles; heart; kidney; neuroinflammation; regenerative medicine |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251016 Date Completed: 20251016 Latest Revision: 20251019 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12524888 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms26199709 |
| PMID: | 41096973 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Review