A REVIEW OF FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY, INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY, AND OTHER FLUOROPHORES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.
| Title: | A REVIEW OF FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY, INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY, AND OTHER FLUOROPHORES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. |
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| Authors: | Kaiser A; Department of Opthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Pulido JS; Department of Opthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Brucker A; Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.; Yonekawa Y; Department of Opthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Bommakanti N; Department of Opthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Department of Opthalmology, New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. |
| Source: | Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) [Retina] 2026 Jun 01; Vol. 46 (6), pp. e49-e53. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8309919 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-2864 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0275004X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Retina Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Original Publication: Philadelphia : Lippincott, [1981?- |
| MeSH Terms: | Fluorescein Angiography*/methods ; Ophthalmology*/methods ; Retinal Diseases*/diagnosis ; Indocyanine Green* ; Fluorescent Dyes* ; Coloring Agents*; Humans ; Fluorescein |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To review fluorophores used in ophthalmology and summarize properties relevant to imaging, diagnosis, and safety.; Methods: Discussion of excitation, emission, and other essential properties of specific fluorophores.; Results: Sodium fluorescein, a fluorophore, is used for angiography and remains the cornerstone for retinal vascular imaging. Indocyanine green is also a fluorophore that absorbs light at longer wavelengths, enabling improved choroidal visualization and aiding in the diagnosis of various vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. It is also used to stain the internal limiting membrane during vitreoretinal surgery. Other fluorophores, such as rose bengal, are used topically and can be used in the treatment of corneal fungal infections. Riboflavin has uses in the cornea, and curcurmin has potential uses because of its binding affinity to amyloid.; Conclusion: In addition to fluorescein and indocyanine green, there are expanding uses for additional fluorophores, with further investigation needed for new imaging and treatment techniques. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: fluorescein angiography; fluorescence; fluorophore; indocyanine green angiography |
| Substance Nomenclature: | IX6J1063HV (Indocyanine Green); 0 (Fluorescent Dyes); 0 (Coloring Agents); TPY09G7XIR (Fluorescein) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251111 Date Completed: 20260518 Latest Revision: 20260518 |
| Update Code: | 20260519 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004727 |
| PMID: | 41218194 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Review