Autophagy and mitophagy in dermatological disease: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways to therapeutic frontiers.
| Title: | Autophagy and mitophagy in dermatological disease: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways to therapeutic frontiers. |
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| Authors: | D'Ambrosio L; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; Greco ME; Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome, 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy.; Forte M; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; Vecchio D; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Schiavon S; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Nonno FD; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; Tahir S; Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Areas, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.; Picchio V; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Cozzolino C; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Sarto G; ICOT Istituto Marco Pasquali, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, Latina, 04100, Italy.; Bernardi M; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Division of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, 04100, Italy.; Spadafora L; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Division of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, 04100, Italy.; Simeone B; ICOT Istituto Marco Pasquali, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, Latina, 04100, Italy.; Vinciguerra M; Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK.; Department of Health and Life Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Sciarretta S; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; ICOT Istituto Marco Pasquali, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, Latina, 04100, Italy.; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Frati G; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Greco E; Department of Health and Life Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Potenza C; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', 'A. Fiorini' Hospital, Terracina (LT), Italy.; Proietti I; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', 'A. Fiorini' Hospital, Terracina (LT), Italy.; Morroni J; Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.; Dietrich E; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.; Schirone L; Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. leonardo.schirone@unier.it.; Department of Health and Life Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy. leonardo.schirone@unier.it. |
| Source: | Biology direct [Biol Direct] 2025 Dec 06; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 4. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 06. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101258412 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1745-6150 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17456150 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Direct Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2006- |
| MeSH Terms: | Autophagy*/physiology ; Skin Diseases*/physiopathology ; Skin Diseases*/therapy ; Mitophagy*; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Animals |
| Abstract: | Autophagy - the cell's built-in recycling and quality-control programme - touches every layer of cutaneous biology. In keratinocytes it sculpts the cornified envelope; in melanocytes it balances pigment synthesis and oxidative stress; in immune and appendageal cells it fine-tunes defence, repair and hair-follicle cycling. When this choreography falters, skin disorders emerge. This review journeys from basic mechanisms (ULK1 signalling, Beclin-1/VPS34 nucleation, LC3B lipidation, selective mitophagy) to their fingerprints in health and disease. We dissect how autophagy malfunctions drive psoriasis hyper-proliferation, atopic-dermatitis barrier leakiness, vitiligo depigmentation and the metabolic rewiring of melanoma. Non-melanoma cancers, infectious dermatoses, wound repair, ageing and photo-damage are mapped onto the same autophagic atlas. Therapeutically, the pathway is a double-edged sword. mTOR or caloric-restriction mimetics jump-start a protective flux; chloroquine derivatives and ULK1 blockers clip tumour survival circuits; cannabinoids, photodynamic therapy and immune-checkpoint combinations exploit context-specific toggling between induction and brake. Emerging biomarkers (LC3B-II, p62, AMBRA1) promise patient-stratified interventions. By weaving together molecular detail, pre-clinical insight and clinical translation, we show why autophagy is no longer a backstage process but a star player in dermatology - and how targeting its switches could reshape future treatment algorithms.; (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Autophagy; Dermatological disease; Immunodermatology; Mitophagy; Skin disorders; Skin homeostasis |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251206 Date Completed: 20260108 Latest Revision: 20260522 |
| Update Code: | 20260522 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12781533 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s13062-025-00703-1 |
| PMID: | 41353197 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't