High-Data-Density, High-Decoding-Speed, and High-Decoding-Accuracy DNA Data Ink for Digital Preservation.
| Title: | High-Data-Density, High-Decoding-Speed, and High-Decoding-Accuracy DNA Data Ink for Digital Preservation. |
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| Authors: | Kang T; Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Lim D; Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Lee W; Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Kim J; Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Huang X; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.; Kim J; Ageing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.; Song Y; Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.; Standard Bioelectronics, Co., 511 Michuhol Tower Hall Tower Gaetbeol-ro 12, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea. |
| Source: | ACS nano [ACS Nano] 2026 Feb 03; Vol. 20 (4), pp. 3444-3460. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 21. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101313589 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-086X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19360851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: ACS Nano Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Washington D.C. : American Chemical Society |
| MeSH Terms: | DNA*/chemistry ; DNA*/genetics ; Information Storage and Retrieval*/methods ; Ink*; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| Abstract: | DNA-based storage offers exceptional information density, durability, and energy efficiency compared to conventional digital media, yet practical implementation faces challenges including high synthesis costs, sequencing errors, and slow access speeds. Here, we present an integrated DNA storage system with optimized encoding and processing strategies to address practical implementation issues. Our approach achieves 9.78 bits/nt net information density with a flexible index allocation system handling data volume from 0.37 KB to 2.79 × 1022 YB. The decoding process delivers 360× faster throughput than traditional methods, processing 4.57 million reads (1.63 GB) in 34.5 s and demonstrating perfect data retrieval from down-sampled (×5.33) sequencing in 2.47 s. Our error correction system combines inner Reed-Solomon with outer XOR code, ensuring reliable recovery with large reading sequences (92,626) and low copy number data (×0.52). The streamlined NGS preparation workflow reduces processing time from ∼4.5 to ∼2 h while decreasing per-sample costs from ∼$60 to ∼$0.50. The system demonstrates versatility through high-fidelity DNA data storage ink and implementations ranging from physical stamps to VR platforms. This technology establishes a foundation for practical DNA data storage solutions applicable to cultural heritage preservation, autonomous vehicle data management, and matrix-based machine learning applications. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: 3D digital cultural heritage; DNA storage; Highly efficient translation process; Reed-Solomon; XOR |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 9007-49-2 (DNA) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260121 Date Completed: 20260630 Latest Revision: 20260630 |
| Update Code: | 20260701 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acsnano.5c13665 |
| PMID: | 41562500 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article