Clarified açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) exerts protective effects against methylmercury toxicity in salivary glands and total saliva.
| Title: | Clarified açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) exerts protective effects against methylmercury toxicity in salivary glands and total saliva. |
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| Authors: | Dos Santos VRN; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Bittencourt LO; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Ferreira HHN; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Baia-da-Silva DC; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Mendes PFS; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Teixeira LEO; Faculty of Food Engineering and Center for Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.; Chaves-Neto AH; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil.; Carneiro BS; Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, SAAMB/IEC, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.; Oliveira DC; Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, SAAMB/IEC, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.; de Jesus IM; Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, SAAMB/IEC, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.; de Souza-Rodrigues RD; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.; Rogez H; Faculty of Food Engineering and Center for Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.; Lima RR; Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, GuamáBelém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil. rafalima@ufpa.br. |
| Source: | Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine [Biometals] 2026 Jun; Vol. 39 (3), pp. 937-951. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 20. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9208478 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1572-8773 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09660844 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biometals Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 1999- : Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; Original Publication: Oxford, OX : Rapid Communications of Oxford, c1992- |
| MeSH Terms: | Euterpe*/chemistry ; Methylmercury Compounds*/antagonists & inhibitors ; Methylmercury Compounds*/toxicity ; Saliva*/chemistry ; Saliva*/drug effects ; Saliva*/metabolism ; Salivary Glands*/drug effects ; Salivary Glands*/metabolism ; Plant Extracts*/chemistry ; Plant Extracts*/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Protective Agents/chemistry ; Protective Agents/pharmacology ; Rats, Wistar ; Rats ; Male |
| Abstract: | Methylmercury (MeHg) contamination can cause damage to the salivary glands, which is associated with oxidative stress and glandular dysfunction. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius), a fruit rich in antioxidants, emerges as a natural alternative to mitigate the toxic effects of MeHg. This study aimed to evaluate whether clarified açaí juice exerts a protective effect on the major salivary glands of rats intoxicated with MeHg. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, MeHg-exposed (0.04 mg/kg/day), açaí-supplemented (0.01 L/kg/day), and MeHg-exposed with açaí supplementation. The compounds were administered by orogastric gavage for 60 days. Subsequently, total saliva was collected to determine antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and amylase activity, while submandibular and parotid glands were analyzed to total mercury (Hg) levels, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that açaí supplementation did not reduce Hg accumulation in the salivary glands. However, MeHg exposure significantly decreased antioxidant capacity in both glands, whereas açaí supplementation mitigated this reduction, maintaining values comparable to the control group. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in the MeHg group in both glands, but this alteration was attenuated by açaí. In saliva, MeHg exposure lowered antioxidant capacity and elevated lipid peroxidation levels, both of which were attenuated by açaí supplementation. Moreover, MeHg altered salivary protein concentration and reduced amylase activity, while açaí supplementation counteracted these effects. These results demonstrate that açaí's antioxidant constituents confer protective effects against MeHg-induced oxidative damage and functional impairment in salivary glands and saliva, underscoring its potential as a natural protective agent against Hg toxicity.; (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Informed consent: Not applicable. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Amazon biodiversity; Anthocyanin; Mercury; Oral health; Phenolic compound |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Methylmercury Compounds); 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Protective Agents) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260220 Date Completed: 20260604 Latest Revision: 20260726 |
| Update Code: | 20260726 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13230307 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10534-026-00793-y |
| PMID: | 41721171 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article