Management of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: International Gastric Cancer Association GCPM Working Group consensus statements.
| Title: | Management of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: International Gastric Cancer Association GCPM Working Group consensus statements. |
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| Authors: | Boshier PR; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Chia DKA; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.; Thrumurthy SG; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Teh JL; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore.; Wobith M; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.; Bencivenga M; Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; Filippini F; Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; Dumitra TC; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Burch M; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.; Kim HI; Department of Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.; Kobitzsch B; Department of Medicine, University Cancer Centre Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Cancer Centre Central Germany, Leipzig, Germany.; Kodach LL; Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Quik JSE; Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Long VD; Division of Upper GI Surgery, Department of GI Surgical, University Medical Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.; de Neijs MJ; Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; van der Sluis PC; Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Leon-Takahashi AM; Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.; Woo Y; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte and Orange County, California, USA.; Chevallay M; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; Framarini M; Department of Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.; Morgagni P; Department of Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.; Frejlich E; Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.; Grabsch HI; Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; Department of Pathology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.; Markar SR; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Marrelli D; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Park DJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.; Sundar R; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.; Xu Z; Department of Surgery, Division of Gastric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.; Linn KK; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Yang HK; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.; Kitayama J; Department of Surgical Oncology, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.; Zhu Z; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.; Rha SY; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.; Wijnhoven B; Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Yamashita H; Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General, and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.; Yong WP; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.; de la Fouchardière C; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.; Nilsson M; Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Ishigami H; Department of Chemotherapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Van Sandick JW; Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Lordick F; Department of Medicine, University Cancer Centre Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Cancer Centre Central Germany, Leipzig, Germany.; Badgwell BD; Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.; So JBY; Division of General Surgery (Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery), Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore. |
| Source: | The British journal of surgery [Br J Surg] 2026 Apr 09; Vol. 113 (4). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Consensus Statement |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Foundation Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372553 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2168 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00071323 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Surg Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2021- : [Oxford] : Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Foundation Ltd.; Original Publication: [Bristol, England : Baltimore : John Wright & Sons ; Williams & Wilkins Co. |
| MeSH Terms: | Stomach Neoplasms*/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms*/therapy ; Peritoneal Neoplasms*/secondary ; Peritoneal Neoplasms*/therapy ; Peritoneal Neoplasms*/diagnosis; Humans ; Consensus ; Delphi Technique |
| Abstract: | Background: Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) is a common manifestation of advanced gastric cancer, associated with poor prognosis.; Methods: The International Gastric Cancer Association (IGCA) convened a multidisciplinary working group of 42 global experts from 15 countries to develop a total of 13 consensus statements addressing diagnosis, treatment, and research priorities for GCPM. Using ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD)-compliant methodology, the group conducted systematic literature searches and applied a structured Delphi process with anonymous Likert-scale voting and a ≥70% consensus threshold to generate and refine consensus statements.; Results: Consensus was achieved for all 13 statements among the working group during the first Delphi round, with 75-100% of respondents selecting either 'strongly agree' or 'agree'. Coefficient of variation values were ≤0.23. Polling of a broader group of experts (n = 66), which included members of the working group (n = 21), during a GCPM consensus session at the 16th International Gastric Cancer Congress (IGCC) in 2025 demonstrated agreement for 12 of the 13 statements. This broader group of experts, which had greater representation from medical oncologists, did not reach consensus (52% agreement) on best practice for systemic treatment of patients with GCPM, possibly due to the rapidly evolving developments in this field of metastatic gastric cancer.; Conclusion: This consensus exercise provides a foundation for globally relevant GCPM management strategies and highlights critical research needed to address significant evidence gaps that will improve patient outcomes.; (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Foundation Ltd.) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Local Abstract: [plain-language-summary] People with stomach (gastric) cancer often develop spread of the disease to the lining of the abdomen (the peritoneum), which is linked to very poor outcomes. At present, there is no clear international agreement on the best way to diagnose and treat this condition. To address this, the International Gastric Cancer Association brought together experts from around the world to review the evidence and agree on best practice. Using a structured consensus process, the group developed clear recommendations covering diagnosis, treatment options, and future research priorities. These statements aim to improve consistency of care, guide clinical decision-making, and identify areas where further research is urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260317 Date Completed: 20260415 Latest Revision: 20260417 |
| Update Code: | 20260417 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13082581 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/bjs/znag027 |
| PMID: | 41841439 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Consensus Statement