Reciprocal innovation in implementation science and global health: reflections from the EXTRA-CVD (extending the HIV treatment cascade for cardiovascular disease prevention) study.
| Title: | Reciprocal innovation in implementation science and global health: reflections from the EXTRA-CVD (extending the HIV treatment cascade for cardiovascular disease prevention) study. |
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| Authors: | Leung CL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL, USA.; Bosworth HB; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Webel AR; Department of Child & Family Health Nursing, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA.; Aifah A; Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Akwanalo C; Department of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.; Bloomfield GS; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Choi EW; University of Texas at Dallas Naveen Jindal School of Management, Richardson, TX, USA.; Gripshover BM; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Hileman CO; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Medicine, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Kamano J; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.; Lopez-Kidwell V; University of North Texas G. Brint Ryan College of Business, Frisco, TX, USA.; Muiruri C; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Njuguna B; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Practice, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.; Okeke NL; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Longenecker CT; Departments of Medicine & Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Vedanthan R; Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. rajesh.vedanthan@nyulangone.org.; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. rajesh.vedanthan@nyulangone.org. |
| Source: | BMC global and public health [BMC Glob Public Health] 2026 Mar 18; Vol. 4 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 18. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918715987606676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-913X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2731913X NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Glob Public Health Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central Ltd, [2023]- |
| Abstract: | Reciprocal innovation, a model of sustained, multidirectional exchange in which health strategies are adapted, revisited, and refined across contexts, offers a compelling framework to rethink how implementation science can support global health equity by enabling dynamic, multidirectional learning across different contexts. Drawing on the EXTRA-CVD trial, a nurse-led cardiovascular disease prevention intervention designed to extend the HIV treatment cascade in United States (U.S.) HIV clinics, which adapted strategies informed by implementation research in Kenya and the U.S. Veterans Affairs health system, this perspective examines how reciprocal innovation can begin to emerge within existing research structures, as well as where opportunities for deeper exchange remain limited. We identify four operational domains of reciprocal innovation: care delivery strategies, end-user engagement, research methodologies, and research leadership and partnership. Across these domains, we describe how cross-context learning shaped intervention adaptation and site-level implementation in EXTRA-CVD, as well as missed opportunities where more intentional feedback, shared leadership, and methodological exchange could have strengthened multidirectional learning. Taken together, this work highlights both the potential and the practical challenges of reciprocal innovation in implementation research, emphasizing its role in moving beyond unidirectional knowledge transfer toward iterative, context-responsive learning. By embedding structures for iterative feedback, equity-centered governance, and multidirectional learning systems within research and implementation systems, future global partnerships can foster more inclusive, responsive, and sustainable health interventions.; (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Health equity; Human-centered design; Implementation science; Non-communicable disease; Reciprocal innovation |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260319 Date Completed: 20260319 Latest Revision: 20260321 |
| Update Code: | 20260321 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12998207 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s44263-026-00257-y |
| PMID: | 41851899 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Review