Reinforcing pomelo peel pectin beads with l-glutamate-modified graphene oxide for high-stability BOD biosensing.
| Title: | Reinforcing pomelo peel pectin beads with l-glutamate-modified graphene oxide for high-stability BOD biosensing. |
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| Authors: | Tran BA; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Faculty of Applied Science, Ton Duc Thang University No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam tranboian@gmail.com tranboian@tdtu.edu.vn.; Nguyen VTT; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Nguyen NX; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Huynh TK; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Duong TH; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Le TQ; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Nguyen HD; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn.; Hoang TK; Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technolgy No. 1B Thanh Loc 29 Street, An Phu Dong Ward Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam htkdung@iat.vast.vn. |
| Source: | RSC advances [RSC Adv] 2026 Apr 20; Vol. 16 (23), pp. 20498-20513. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 20 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101581657 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2046-2069 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20462069 NLM ISO Abbreviation: RSC Adv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Cambridge [England] : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2011]- |
| Abstract: | In this study, we report the green modification of graphene oxide (GO) with 2-aminopentanedioic acid (l-glutamic acid, Glu) to enhance the mechanical stability and biocompatibility of pectin-based hydrogel beads for biosensor applications. The highest modification yield of 91.76% was achieved at 70 °C using 100 ppm of l-glutamic acid. Structural analyses via FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed the successful functionalization, with the Glu moieties attaching to and replacing reactive epoxy groups on GO, thereby reducing cytotoxicity and microbial inhibition (5.35-6.12%) compared to the results achieved with the pristine GO. Incorporating GluGO into the pectin matrix significantly improved the mechanical stability, swelling behavior, thermal stability, and microbial compatibility of the composite beads. BOD measurements in packed-bed bioreactors showed markedly higher microbial activity with GluGO than with GO (15.49 and 4.92 in GGA 5 and 24.92 and 9.76 in GGA 10, respectively), highlighting the improved biocompatibility critical for biosensing. The structural integrity of the pectin beads reinforced with GO or GluGO remained above 80% when exposed to Ni2+, Cr6+, Zn2+, oxytetracycline, and simulated wastewater media, whereas the pristine pectin degraded rapidly. These improvements are attributed to the strong interfacial interactions, including hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, between GluGO and the pectin matrix. In general, the results demonstrate that Pec-GluGO composite beads combine high stability, reduced cytotoxicity, and enhanced microbial compatibility, establishing them as promising, eco-friendly materials for wastewater treatment and sensitive BOD biosensing systems.; (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper. |
| Comments: | Erratum in: RSC Adv. 2026 May 8;16(26):24271. doi: 10.1039/d6ra90044e.. (PMID: 42111539) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260422 Date Completed: 20260422 Latest Revision: 20260511 |
| Update Code: | 20260511 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13093886 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d6ra00695g |
| PMID: | 42016350 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article