Reliability of Radiologic Measurements in Children with Flexible Flat Feet.
| Title: | Reliability of Radiologic Measurements in Children with Flexible Flat Feet. |
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| Authors: | Gündoğdu M; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34899, Türkiye.; Shammadli Z; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Republic Hospital, Baku AZ1069, Azerbaijan.; Baysal Ö; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34899, Türkiye.; Akgün E; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sultanbeyli State Hospital, Istanbul 34935, Türkiye.; Kart H; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul 34736, Türkiye.; Muratlı HH; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34899, Türkiye. |
| Source: | Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association [J Am Podiatr Med Assoc] 2026 Apr 21; Vol. 116 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 21. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: American Podiatry Association Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 8501423 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1930-8264 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19308264 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Washington, DC] : American Podiatry Association, [c1985- |
| MeSH Terms: | Flatfoot*/diagnostic imaging; Humans ; Child ; Reproducibility of Results ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Radiography ; Observer Variation |
| Abstract: | Objectives: Flat feet is a very common deformity in children. Often, radiologic evaluation for children with flat feet is made. Although the measurement reliability of some angles in flat feet has been evaluated in the literature, none of them have been performed in the age range of 3-7 years, when the deformity is most common. Our aim is to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the 7 angles that are used for assessing flat feet. Methods: Radiologic angles were measured by four independent observers (two specialists and two residents) in two separate sessions on the foot radiographs of 50 children aged 3-7 years with clinically diagnosed flat feet in the appropriate position and intra-class correlation coefficient was evaluated. Thus, interobserver and intraobserver reliability was measured. Results: High reliability values were found in the AP talus - 1st metatarsal (APT1MT) angle and calcaneus inclination (Cl) angle, while the reliability was moderate in the other angles. Intraobserver reliability values tended to be higher than interobserver values, which is consistent with other studies. Conclusions: It is useful to keep in mind that the measurement reliability is moderate except for APT1MT and CI when angles are measured in this specific age group. No positive effect of experience on measurement reliability was found in our study. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: children; flat feet; foot; radiographs |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260427 Date Completed: 20260427 Latest Revision: 20260428 |
| Update Code: | 20260428 |
| DOI: | 10.7547/25-014 |
| PMID: | 42042525 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article