Ru-SATED scale and Sleep Health Index: A systematic review of two leading multidimensional sleep health measures and frameworks across the globe.
| Title: | Ru-SATED scale and Sleep Health Index: A systematic review of two leading multidimensional sleep health measures and frameworks across the globe. |
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| Authors: | Meng R; School of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: mengruntang@hznu.edu.cn.; BaHammam AS; University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11324, Saudi Arabia.; Dzierzewski JM; National Sleep Foundation, Washington, Washington DC, 20036, USA.; Yang N; School of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.; Vézina-Im LA; VITAM, Research Center in Sustainable Health, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, G1J 2G1, Canada.; Ying Lau EY; Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Analytics\Assessment Research Centre, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.; Sun IR; School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, 999077, China.; Gregory AM; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.; Zeitzer JM; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California CA, 94305, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California CA, 94304, USA.; Quan SF; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA, 02115, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts MA, 02115, USA.; Dietch JR; School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon OR, 97331, USA.; Szklo-Coxe M; Department of Health Behavior Policy, and Management, Joint School of Public Health, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia VA, 23529, USA.; Dautovich ND; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23284-2018, Richmond, Virginia VA, 23220, USA.; Stranges S; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario ON, N6G 2M1, Canada; Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario ON, N6G 2M1, Canada; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy.; Tahmasian M; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.; Jean-Louis G; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, 33136, USA.; Thompson MG; Department of Community & Global Health, Lehigh College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania PA, 18015, USA.; Jackson CL; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina NC, 27709, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland MD, 20892, USA.; Matricciani L; College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia SA, 5001, Australia.; Tang NKY; Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.; Johnson DA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia GA, 30322, USA.; Hale L; Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York NY, 11794-8338, USA.; Troxel WM; Social and Economic Well-Being Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PA, 15213, USA.; de Batlle J; Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida - Fundació Dr. Pifarré, IRBLleida (ROR: 03mfyme49), CIBERES, ISCIII, 25198, Lleida, Spain.; Manconi M; Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Regional Hospital of Lugano, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.; Tondo P; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.; Spiegelhalder K; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.; Stefani A; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.; Knutson KL; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois IL, 60611, USA.; Wickwire EM; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland MD, 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland MD, 21201, USA.; Feige B; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.; Bliwise DL; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia GA, 30329, USA.; Li J; Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland MD, 21205, USA.; Furihata R; Agency for Student Support and Disability Resources, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.; Poyares D; Sleep Medicine and Biology Division, Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.; Khazaie H; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran.; Taiar R; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MATériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique (MATIM), 51100, Reims, France.; Boyer FC; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardennes, UR 3797 VieFra, 51097, Reims, France; Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 51092, Reims, France.; Jahrami H; Government Hospitals, P.O. Box 5128, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.; Coelho J; Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, CNRS, UMR 6033, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.; Fabbri M; Department of Psychology Renzo Canestrari, University of Bologna, 5-40127, Bologna, Italy.; Jiménez-Correa U; Sleep Disorders Clinic, Research Division, Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.; Zaki NFW; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.; Huang M; The Medical Record Statistics Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China.; Ma H; School of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.; Dong L; Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York NY, 11794-2500, USA; Department of Behavioral & Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California CA, 90401, USA.; St Louis EK; Mayo Sleep Behavior and Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota MN, 55905, USA.; Stone KL; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California CA, 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California CA, 94158, USA.; Spruyt K; INSERM, Université Paris Cité, 75019, Paris, France.; Penzel T; Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China.; Ferri R; Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy.; Buysse DJ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep and Circadian Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PA, 15213, USA. |
| Source: | Sleep medicine reviews [Sleep Med Rev] 2026 Apr 18; Vol. 88, pp. 102296. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 18. |
| Publication Model: | Ahead of Print |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: W.B. Saunders Co Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9804678 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2955 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10870792 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sleep Med Rev Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London ; Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co., c1997- |
| Abstract: | Research using the multidimensional sleep health (MDSH) framework has increased globally, often relying on self-report measures. The Ru-SATED scale and Sleep Health Index (SHI) are common self-report measures of MDSH, but comparative data on their measurement properties and contextual characteristics remain limited. Seven electronic databases were searched for measurement properties and uses of the two scales over the past twelve years. This review identified 19 psychometric validation studies concerning two original and 17 cross-cultural, and summarized contextual comparison of MDSH measures and frameworks. Measurement properties of both measures were assessed with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline, and contextual comparisons were conducted narratively. Both measures exhibited acceptable psychometric properties across diverse cultural settings, with the SHI findings showing greater consistency than those of the Ru-SATED scale. Aggregating the Ru-SATED and SHI frameworks fully covered the sleep characteristics assessed by five instruments grounded in the World Sleep Society initiative, encompassing regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, duration, and disorder. Notably, the SHI framework incorporates targeted sleep disorder assessment while the Ru-SATED framework specifically excludes such assessment, highlighting the distinct focus and scope of each tool. Instrument selection depends primarily on research purpose, study sample, and intended use. We recommend characterizing both sleep health and sleep disorders to fully capture the complex relationships between sleep and health outcomes.; (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest disclosure Joseph M. Dzierzewski served on an advisory panel for Eisai Pharmaceuticals and received an honorarium for a presentation given for the Nevada Psychological Association; the contents do not represent the views of the National Sleep Foundation. Alice M. Gregory is an advisor for a project initially sponsored by Johnson's Baby; She was a consultant for Perrigo (2021+); She receives royalties for two books Nodding Off (Bloomsbury Sigma, 2018) and The Sleepy Pebble (Flying Eye, 2019) and a sleep gift (The Gift of Sleep, Lawrence King Publishers, 2023); She was previously a CEO of Sleep Universal LTD (2022); She is a regular contributor to BBC Focus Magazine and has contributed to other outlets (such as The Conversation, The Guardian and Balance Magazine); She occasionally receives sample products related to sleep (e.g. blue light blocking glasses) and has given a paid talk to a business (Investec); She is a specialist subject editor at JCPP (sleep) for which she receives a small honorarium; She has contributed a paid article to Neurodiem. Stuart F. Quan has served as a consultant for Teledoc, Bryte Foundation, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Apnimed, Evicore, Alphasights LTD, Guidepoint Global LLC, Summus Funding, Sultan Qaboos University, Cowen Services and Whispersom and is the Field Chief Editor for Frontiers in Sleep and is an Associate Editor for the Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep. Natalie D. Dautovich serves as consultant to the National Sleep Foundation. Lauren Hale receives honoraria for various speaking engagements and has been a paid consultant for the Alliance for Sleep by Idorsia; Lauren Hale ended her term as Editor-in-Chief of Sleep Health in 2020. Wendy M. Troxel is an Associate Editor for the journals Psychosomatic Medicine and Sleep Health, for which she receives honoraria; she is also on the advisory board for the National Sleep Foundation and sleepfoundation.org. Emerson M. Wickwire has received research funding from the AASM Foundation, Department of Defense, Merck, NIH/NIA, ResMed, the ResMed Foundation, and the Sleep Research Society Foundation; Emerson M. Wickwire has served as a scientific consultant to Axsome Therapeutics, DayZz, Eisai, EnsoData, Idorsia, Merck, Nox Health, Primasun, Purdue, and ResMed and is an equity shareholder in WellTap. Donald L. Bliwise has served as a consultant for CliniLabs, Eisai, Ferring, Huxley, Idorsia, Merck. Dalva Poyares has served as speaker for Takeda and Eurofarma pharmaceuticals. Over the past 3 years, Daniel J. Buysse has served as a paid consultant to Sleep Number; He receives book royalties as co-author of “Treating Sleep Problems: A Transdiagnostic Approach”; Daniel Buysse is an author of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Ru-SATED questionnaires, and Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale (copyrights held by the University of Pittsburgh), These instruments have been licensed to commercial entities for fees; He is also coauthor of the Consensus Sleep Diary (copyright held by Ryerson University), which is licensed to commercial entities for a fee; Daniel J. Buysse has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health. However, none of these relationships are relevant to the present work. Other co-authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: COSMIN; MDSH frameworks; Multidimensional sleep health; Ru-SATED scale; Sleep Health Index |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260501 Latest Revision: 20260501 |
| Update Code: | 20260502 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102296 |
| PMID: | 42066638 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
Journal Article; Review