| Title: |
Results Assessment Methods of Health-Related Fitness Test Batteries in School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Global Comparison |
| Language: |
English |
| Authors: |
Anlu Yang (ORCID 0009-0000-3745-6982); Xiaofen D. Hamilton (ORCID 0000-0002-3762-4103); Yongshun Wang (ORCID 0000-0002-8481-5412); Peter Smolianov (ORCID 0000-0003-3156-1866); Jose Castro-Piñero (ORCID 0000-0002-7353-0382); Jianmin Guan (ORCID 0000-0001-5273-1436); Tamara Dolmatova (ORCID 0000-0003-3301-2924); Xin Zhang; Jiren Zhang (ORCID 0009-0004-6845-695X); Enyan Zhan (ORCID 0009-0009-5349-8133); Mark F. Hamilton (ORCID 0000-0002-1622-6480) |
| Source: |
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. 2025 44(3):564-572. |
| Availability: |
Human Kinetics, Inc. 1607 North Market Street, Champaign, IL 61820. Tel: 800-474-4457; Fax: 217-351-1549; e-mail: info@hkusa.com; Web site: http://journals.humankinetics.com/journal/jtpe |
| Peer Reviewed: |
Y |
| Page Count: |
9 |
| Publication Date: |
2025 |
| Document Type: |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
| Education Level: |
Early Childhood Education; Elementary Education; Kindergarten; Primary Education; Elementary Secondary Education |
| Descriptors: |
Physical Fitness; Tests; Health Promotion; Physical Education; Physical Activity Level; Cross Cultural Studies; Comparative Education; Criterion Referenced Tests; Norm Referenced Tests; Evaluation Methods; Educational Environment; Foreign Countries; Body Composition; Test Results; Test Items; Gender Differences; Muscular Strength; Psychomotor Skills; Kindergarten; Elementary Secondary Education |
| Geographic Terms: |
European Union; China; Russia; United States |
| DOI: |
10.1123/jtpe.2024-0005 |
| ISSN: |
0273-5024; 1543-2769 |
| Abstract: |
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the result assessment approaches used in the widely implemented health-related fitness batteries in school-based physical education programs. Method: Fitness test batteries implemented in the European Union (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness), China (China's National Physical Fitness Testing), the United States (Fitnessgram), and Russia (Ready for Labor and Defense [Gotov k Trudu i Oborone [GTO]]) were included in the study. The document analysis method was used to identify commonalities and differences of results assessment methods in the above test batteries. Results: It was found that the norm-referenced method has been used in Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness, China's National Physical Fitness Testing, and GTO, and only Fitnessgram used the criterion-referenced method. Among the three norm-referenced evaluation methods, there were two variations: (a) total numerical points used in CNPFT, and (b) categories employed in Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness and GTO. Conclusions: Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced evaluations were used in the current youth health-related fitness test batteries, suggesting that the current understanding of the purpose of school-based-fitness testing in schools has not reached a consensus. |
| Abstractor: |
As Provided |
| Entry Date: |
2025 |
| Accession Number: |
EJ1478664 |
| Database: |
ERIC |