| Title: |
An Introduction to Inverse Probability Weighting and Marginal Structural Models: The Case of Environmental Tobacco Exposure and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Behaviors |
| Language: |
English |
| Authors: |
Michael T. Willoughby (ORCID 0000-0002-8470-3533); Siri Warkentien; Erica N. Browne; Lisa Gatzke-Kopp; Daniel Berry |
| Source: |
Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(1):195-213. |
| Availability: |
American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org |
| Peer Reviewed: |
Y |
| Page Count: |
19 |
| Publication Date: |
2025 |
| Sponsoring Agency: |
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH); Office of the Director (OD) (DHHS/NIH) |
| Contract Number: |
P01HD039667; UG3OD023332 |
| Document Type: |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
| Education Level: |
Early Childhood Education; Elementary Education; Grade 1; Primary Education |
| Descriptors: |
Smoking; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Environmental Influences; Grade 1; Young Children; At Risk Persons; Family Environment; Individual Characteristics |
| Geographic Terms: |
North Carolina |
| DOI: |
10.1037/dev0001803 |
| ISSN: |
0012-1649; 1939-0599 |
| Abstract: |
Developmental scientists routinely examine how a focal predictor relates to some aspect of children's development. Although covariate adjustment is typically used to test hypotheses, propensity score-based methods, including inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and marginal structural models (MSM), can strengthen inference and answer more nuanced, developmentally relevant questions. This article provides a didactic introduction to IPTW and MSM methods and demonstrates their use for testing the impact of environmental smoke exposure (continuous treatment) from 6 to 90 months on parent-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviors in first grade for 1,053 children (51% male, 44% Black) in the Family Life Project. We highlight differences that result both in conclusions and in the evaluation of assumptions for IPTW and MSM relative to more traditional covariate adjustment methods. Sample Stata syntax is provided. |
| Abstractor: |
As Provided |
| Entry Date: |
2026 |
| Accession Number: |
EJ1502245 |
| Database: |
ERIC |