| Title: |
Predictors of Sustained Implementation of a Universal Behavior Support Framework through the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| Language: |
English |
| Authors: |
Kent McIntosh (ORCID 0000-0002-7765-2993); Angus Kittelman (ORCID 0000-0001-5904-3951); Sterett H. Mercer (ORCID 0000-0002-7940-4221); María Reina Santiago-Rosario (ORCID 0000-0003-4317-3414); Sean C. Austin (ORCID 0000-0001-9696-7889); Robert H. Horner; Heather Peshak George |
| Source: |
Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. 2026 28(3):218-228. |
| Availability: |
SAGE Publications and Hammill Institute on Disabilities. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com |
| Peer Reviewed: |
Y |
| Page Count: |
11 |
| Publication Date: |
2026 |
| Sponsoring Agency: |
Institute of Education Sciences (ED) |
| Contract Number: |
R324A180027 |
| Document Type: |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
| Education Level: |
Elementary Secondary Education |
| Descriptors: |
COVID-19; Pandemics; Predictor Variables; Positive Behavior Supports; Program Implementation; Fidelity; Data Use; Sustainability; Classroom Techniques; Student Behavior; Barriers; Institutional Characteristics; Elementary Secondary Education |
| DOI: |
10.1177/10983007251372625 |
| ISSN: |
1098-3007; 1538-4772 |
| Abstract: |
In this 5-year prospective study, we identified practice, school, and district variables predicting sustained implementation of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), a widely implemented framework for improving social, emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes. Uniquely, the study captured implementation before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Personnel from 595 schools across 22 U.S. states completed a validated measure of implementation strategies during the 2018-2019 school year. Analyses included a multilevel logistic regression of school and district fidelity of implementation data, as well as school characteristics and district PBIS data. Results showed that most schools had sustained implementation after 5 years, and adequate fidelity of implementation and better team use of data for decision-making in Year 1 were the strongest predictors of sustained implementation in the 2022-2023 school year. School grade levels served and school locale were also predictive of sustained implementation. We discuss implications for how teams can improve sustained implementation of evidence-based practices through massive school disruptions. |
| Abstractor: |
As Provided |
| IES Funded: |
Yes |
| Entry Date: |
2026 |
| Accession Number: |
EJ1508803 |
| Database: |
ERIC |