| Title: |
Lignin as a precursor of a gel electrolyte and salt templated carbon for sustainable electrochemical capacitors |
| Authors: |
Klimek, Amelia; Amro, Lina; Pakkang, Nutthira; Matei Ghimbeu, Camélia; Frackowiak, Elzbieta; Suzuki, Shiori |
| Contributors: |
Poznan University of Technology (PUT); Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M); Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE); Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan; Nagoya University; Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E); Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP); Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP); Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM); Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Toulouse (EPE UT); Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse) |
| Source: |
ISSN: 1463-9262. |
| Publisher Information: |
CCSD; Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Collection: |
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier: HAL-UPS |
| Subject Terms: |
[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers; [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other |
| Description: |
International audience ; Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) belong to attractive high-power devices; however, their key components often do not meet ecological requirements. Herein, we propose a sustainable EC based on a gel electrolyte and porous carbon, both of which are made from lignosulfonate (LS), a waste-derived technical lignin from wood. First, the uptake ability of the LS-based gel electrolyte was systematically investigated using several concentrations (1-24 m) of aqueous acetate salt solutions containing different cations (Li, Na, and K). An optimized aqueous electrolyte, 5 m KOAc, was selected due to the high ionic conductivity and ion mobility. Next, LS was converted into porous carbons through an environmentally friendly salt templating approach using NaOAc and KOAc, which enabled precise control of the carbon structure and texture. The resulting carbons exhibited predominantly microporous characteristics with specific surface areas ranging from 881 to 1754 m 2 g -1 . Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed various degrees of structural disorder (I D1 /I G ranged from 1.37 to 3.00). Finally, ECs were assembled with the LS-based gel electrolyte and salt templated carbons. They achieved a stable operating voltage (1.6 V), reduced self-discharge (loss of ∼30% of initial voltage), and a long lifespan (170 h of floating), which is competitive with reference aqueous ECs (loss of ∼40% of initial voltage and 120 h of floating). Importantly, the LS gel plays a two-in-one role as an electrolyte and a separator. The lack of electrolyte leakage also ensures safety of the device. To sum up, our study proved that water-soluble LS waste can be transformed into components of green energy storage systems. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1039/d5gc05533d |
| Availability: |
https://hal.science/hal-05572231; https://hal.science/hal-05572231v1/document; https://hal.science/hal-05572231v1/file/Klimek%20et%20al_Green%20Chem_2026.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1039/d5gc05533d |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.11AE0802 |
| Database: |
BASE |