Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England
| Title: | Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England |
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| Authors: | Vöhringer, Harald S; Sanderson, Theo; Sinnott, Matthew; De Maio, Nicola; Nguyen, Thuy; Goater, Richard; Schwach, Frank; Harrison, Ian; Hellewell, Joel; Ariani, Cristina V; Gonçalves, Sonia; Jackson, David K; Johnston, Ian; Jung, Alexander W; Saint, Callum; Sillitoe, John; Suciu, Maria; Goldman, Nick; Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina; Abnizova, Irina; Aigrain, Louise; Alderton, Alex; Ali, Mozam; Allen, Laura; Amato, Roberto; Anderson, Ralph; Ariani, Cristina; Austin-Guest, Siobhan; Bala, Sendu; Barrett, Jeffrey; Bassett, Andrew; Battleday, Kristina; Beal, James; Beale, Mathew; Beaver, Charlotte; Bellany, Sam; Bellerby, Tristram; Bellis, Katie; Berger, Duncan; Berriman, Matt; Betteridge, Emma; Bevan, Paul; Binley, Simon; Bishop, Jason; Blackburn, Kirsty; Bonfield, James; Boughton, Nick; Bowker, Sam; Brendler-Spaeth, Timothy; Bronner, Iraad; Brooklyn, Tanya; Buddenborg, Sarah Kay; Bush, Robert; Caetano, Catarina; Cagan, Alex; Carter, Nicola; Cartwright, Joanna; Monteiro, Tiago Carvalho; Chapman, Liz; Chillingworth, Tracey-Jane; Clapham, Peter; Clark, Richard; Clarke, Adrian; Clarke, Catriona; Cole, Daryl; Cook, Elizabeth; Coppola, Maria; Cornell, Linda; Cornwell, Clare; Corton, Craig; Crackett, Abby; Cranage, Alison; Craven, Harriet; Craw, Sarah; Crawford, Mark; Cutts, Tim; Dabrowska, Monika; Davies, Matt; Davies, Robert; Dawson, Joseph; Day, Callum; Densem, Aiden; Dibling, Thomas; Dockree, Cat; Dodd, David; Dogga, Sunil; Dorman, Matthew; Dougan, Gordon; Dougherty, Martin; Dove, Alexander; Drummond, Lucy; Drury, Eleanor; Dudek, Monika; Durham, Jillian; Durrant, Laura; Easthope, Elizabeth; Eckert, Sabine; Ellis, Pete; Farr, Ben; Fenton, Michael; Ferrero, Marcella; Flack, Neil; Fordham, Howerd; Forsythe, Grace; Foulser, Luke; Francis, Matt; Fraser, Audrey; Freeman, Adam; Galvin, Anastasia; Garcia-Casado, Maria; Gedny, Alex; Girgis, Sophia; Glover, James; Goncalves, Sonia; Goodwin, Scott; Gould, Oliver; Gourtovaia, Marina; Gray, Andy; Gray, Emma; Griffiths, Coline; Gu, Yong; Guerin, Florence; Hamilton, Will; Hanks, Hannah; Harrison, Ewan; Harrott, Alexandria; Harry, Edward; Harvison, Julia; Heath, Paul; Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Anastasia; Hobbs, Rhiannon; Holland, Dave; Holmes, Sarah; Hornett, Gary; Hough, Nicholas; Huckle, Liz; Hughes-Hallet, Lena; Hunter, Adam; Inglis, Stephen; Iqbal, Sameena; Jackson, Adam; Jackson, David; James, Keith; Jamrozy, Dorota; Verdejo, Carlos Jimenez; Jones, Matthew; Kallepally, Kalyan; Kane, Leanne; Kay, Keely; Kay, Sally; Keatley, Jon; Keith, Alan; King, Alison; Kitchin, Lucy; Kleanthous, Matt; Klimekova, Martina; Korlevic, Petra; Krasheninnkova, Ksenia; Lane, Greg; Langford, Cordelia; Laverack, Adam; Law, Katharine; Lawniczak, Mara; Lensing, Stefanie; Leonard, Steven; Letchford, Laura; Lewis, Kevin; Lewis-Wade, Amanah; Liddle, Jennifer; Lin, Quan; Lindsay, Sarah; Linsdell, Sally; Livett, Rich; Lo, Stephanie; Long, Rhona; Lovell, Jamie; Lovell, Jon; Ludden, Catherine; Mack, James; Maddison, Mark; Makunin, Aleksei; Mamun, Irfan; Mansfield, Jenny; Marriott, Neil; Martin, Matt; Mayho, Matthew; McCarthy, Shane; McClintock, Jo; McGuigan, Samantha; McHugh, Sandra; McMinn, Liz; Meadows, Carl; Mobley, Emily; Moll, Robin; Morra, Maria; Morrow, Leanne; Murie, Kathryn; Nash, Sian; Nathwani, Claire; Naydenova, Plamena; Neaverson, Alexandra; Nelson, Rachel; Nerou, Ed; Nicholson, Jon; Nimz, Tabea; Noell, Guillaume G; O’Meara, Sarah; Ohan, Valeriu; Oliver, Karen; Olney, Charles; Ormond, Doug; Oszlanczi, Agnes; Palmer, Steve; Pang, Yoke Fei; Pardubska, Barbora; Park, Naomi; Parmar, Aaron; Patel, Gaurang; Patel, Minal; Payne, Maggie; Peacock, Sharon; Petersen, Arabella; Plowman, Deborah; Preston, Tom; Prestwood, Liam; Puethe, Christoph; Quail, Michael; Rajan, Diana; Rajatileka, Shavanthi; Rance, Richard; Rawlings, Suzannah; Redshaw, Nicholas; Reynolds, Joe; Reynolds, Mark; Rice, Simon; Richardson, Matt; Roberts, Connor; Robinson, Katrina; Robinson, Melanie; Robinson, David; Rogers, Hazel; Rojo, Eduardo Martin; Roopra, Daljit; Rose, Mark; Rudd, Luke; Sadri, Ramin; Salmon, Nicholas; Saul, David; Scott, Carol; Seekings, Phil; Shirley, Lesley; Simms, Alison; Sivadasan, Shanthi; Siwek, Bart; Sizer, Dale; Skeldon, Kenneth; Skelton, Jason; Slater-Tunstill, Joanna; Sloper, Lisa; Smerdon, Nathalie; Smith, Chris; Smith, Christen; Smith, James; Smith, Katie; Smith, Michelle; Smith, Sean; Smith, Tina; Sneade, Leighton; Soria, Carmen Diaz; Sousa, Catarina; Souster, Emily; Sparkes, Andrew; Spencer-Chapman, Michael; Squares, Janet; Stanley, Robert; Steed, Claire; Stickland, Tim; Still, Ian; Stratton, Michael R; Strickland, Michelle; Swann, Allen; Swiatkowska, Agnieszka; Sycamore, Neil; Swift, Emma; Symons, Edward; Szluha, Suzanne; Taluy, Emma; Tao, Nunu; Taylor, Katy; Taylor, Sam; Thompson, Stacey; Thompson, Mark; Thomson, Mark; Thomson, Nicholas; Thurston, Scott; Tonkin-Hill, Gerry; Toombs, Dee; Topping, Benjamin; Tovar-Corona, Jaime; Ungureanu, Daniel; Uphill, James; Urbanova, Jana; Van Vuuren, Philip Jansen; Vancollie, Valerie; Voak, Paul; Walker, Danielle; Walker, Matthew; Waller, Matt; Ward, Gary; Weatherhogg, Charlie; Webb, Niki; Weldon, Danni; Wells, Alan; Wells, Eloise; Westwood, Luke; Whipp, Theo; Whiteley, Thomas; Whitton, Georgia; Whitwham, Andrew; Widaa, Sara; Williams, Mia; Wilson, Mark; Wright, Sean; Robson, Samuel C; Connor, Thomas R; Loman, Nicholas J; Golubchik, Tanya; Martinez Nunez, Rocio T; Bonsall, David; Rambaut, Andrew; Snell, Luke B; Corden, Sally; Nastouli, Eleni; Nebbia, Gaia; Lythgoe, Katrina; Torok, M Estee; Goodfellow, Ian G; Prieto, Jacqui A; Saeed, Kordo; Houlihan, Catherine; Frampton, Dan; Hamilton, William L; Witney, Adam A; Bucca, Giselda; Pope, Cassie F; Moore, Catherine; Thomson, Emma C; Harrison, Ewan M; Smith, Colin P; Rogan, Fiona; Beckwith, Shaun M; Murray, Abigail; Singleton, Dawn; Eastick, Kirstine; Sheridan, Liz A; Randell, Paul; Jackson, Leigh M; Gonçalves, Sónia; Fairley, Derek J; Loose, Matthew W; Watkins, Joanne; Moses, Samuel; Nicholls, Sam; Bull, Matthew; Smith, Darren L; Aanensen, David M; Aggarwal, Dinesh; Shepherd, James G; Curran, Martin D; Parmar, Surendra; Parker, Matthew D; Williams, Catryn; Glaysher, Sharon; Underwood, Anthony P; Bashton, Matthew; Pacchiarini, Nicole; Loveson, Katie F; Byott, Matthew; Carabelli, Alessandro M; Templeton, Kate E; de Silva, Thushan I; Wang, Dennis; Langford, Cordelia F; Gunson, Rory N; Cottrell, Simon; O’Grady, Justin; Kwiatkowski, Dominic; Lillie, Patrick J; Cortes, Nicholas; Moore, Nathan; Thomas, Claire; Burns, Phillipa J; Mahungu, Tabitha W; Liggett, Steven; Beckett, Angela H; Holden, Matthew TG; Levett, Lisa J; Osman, Husam; Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O; Simpson, David A; Chand, Meera; Gupta, Ravi K; Darby, Alistair C; Paterson, Steve; Pybus, Oliver G; Volz, Erik M; de Angelis, Daniela; Robertson, David L; Page, Andrew J; Bassett, Andrew R; Wong, Nick; Taha, Yusri; Erkiert, Michelle J; Spencer Chapman, Michael H; Dewar, Rebecca; McHugh, Martin P; Mookerjee, Siddharth; Aplin, Stephen; Harvey, Matthew; Sass, Thea; Umpleby, Helen; Wheeler, Helen; McKenna, James P; Warne, Ben; Taylor, Joshua F; Chaudhry, Yasmin; Izuagbe, Rhys; Jahun, Aminu S; Young, Gregory R; McMurray, Claire; McCann, Clare M; Nelson, Andrew; Elliott, Scott; Lowe, Hannah; Price, Anna; Crown, Matthew R; Rey, Sara; Roy, Sunando; Temperton, Ben; Shaaban, Sharif; Hesketh, Andrew R; Laing, Kenneth G; Monahan, Irene M; Heaney, Judith; Pelosi, Emanuela; Silviera, Siona; Wilson-Davies, Eleri; Fryer, Helen; Adams, Helen; du Plessis, Louis; Johnson, Rob; Harvey, William T; Hughes, Joseph; Orton, Richard J; Spurgin, Lewis G; Bourgeois, Yann; Ruis, Chris; O’Toole, Áine; Fraser, Christophe; Edgeworth, Jonathan; Breuer, Judith; Michell, Stephen L; Todd, John A; John, Michaela; Buck, David; Gajee, Kavitha; Kay, Gemma L; Peacock, Sharon J; Heyburn, David; Kitchman, Katie; McNally, Alan; Pritchard, David T; Dervisevic, Samir; Muir, Peter; Robinson, Esther; Vipond, Barry B; Ramadan, Newara A; Jeanes, Christopher; Catalan, Jana; Jones, Neil; da Silva Filipe, Ana; Williams, Chris; Fuchs, Marc; Miskelly, Julia; Jeffries, Aaron R; Park, Naomi R; Ash, Amy; Koshy, Cherian; Barrow, Magdalena; Buchan, Sarah L; Mantzouratou, Anna; Clark, Gemma; Holmes, Christopher W; Campbell, Sharon; Davis, Thomas; Tan, Ngee Keong; Brown, Julianne R; Harris, Kathryn A; Kidd, Stephen P; Grant, Paul R; Xu-McCrae, Li; Cox, Alison; Madona, Pinglawathee; Pond, Marcus; Randell, Paul A; Withell, Karen T; Williams, Cheryl; Graham, Clive; Denton-Smith, Rebecca; Swindells, Emma; Turnbull, Robyn; Sloan, Tim J; Bosworth, Andrew; Hutchings, Stephanie; Pymont, Hannah M; Casey, Anna; Ratcliffe, Liz; Jones, Christopher R; Knight, Bridget A; Haque, Tanzina; Hart, Jennifer; Irish-Tavares, Dianne; Witele, Eric; Mower, Craig; Watson, Louisa K; Collins, Jennifer; Eltringham, Gary; Crudgington, Dorian; Macklin, Ben; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Lucaci, Anita O; McClure, Patrick C; Carlile, Matthew; Holmes, Nadine; Moore, Christopher; Storey, Nathaniel; Rooke, Stefan; Yebra, Gonzalo; Craine, Noel; Perry, Malorie; Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed; Bridgett, Stephen; Cook, Kate F; Fearn, Christopher; Goudarzi, Salman; Lyons, Ronan A; Williams, Thomas; Haldenby, Sam T; Davies, Robert M; Batra, Rahul; Blane, Beth; Spyer, Moira J; Smith, Perminder; Yavus, Mehmet; Williams, Rachel J; Mahanama, Adhyana IK; Samaraweera, Buddhini; Girgis, Sophia T; Hansford, Samantha E; Green, Angie; Bellis, Katherine L; Dorman, Matthew J; Quick, Joshua; Poplawski, Radoslaw; Reynolds, Nicola; Mack, Andrew; Morriss, Arthur; Whalley, Thomas; Patel, Bindi; Georgana, Iliana; Hosmillo, Myra; Pinckert, Malte L; Stockton, Joanne; Henderson, John H; Hollis, Amy; Stanley, William; Yew, Wen C; Myers, Richard; Thornton, Alicia; Adams, Alexander; Annett, Tara; Asad, Hibo; Birchley, Alec; Coombes, Jason; Evans, Johnathan M; Fina, Laia; Gatica-Wilcox, Bree; Gilbert, Lauren; Graham, Lee; Hey, Jessica; Hilvers, Ember; Jones, Sophie; Jones, Hannah; Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sara; McKerr, Caoimhe; Powell, Jessica; Pugh, Georgia; Taylor, Sarah; Trotter, Alexander J; Williams, Charlotte A; Kermack, Leanne M; Foulkes, Benjamin H; Gallis, Marta; Hornsby, Hailey R; Louka, Stavroula F; Pohare, Manoj; Wolverson, Paige; Zhang, Peijun; MacIntyre-Cockett, George; Trebes, Amy; Moll, Robin J; Ferguson, Lynne; Goldstein, Emily J; Maclean, Alasdair; Tomb, Rachael; Starinskij, Igor; Thomson, Laura; Southgate, Joel; Kraemer, Moritz UG; Raghwani, Jayna; Zarebski, Alex E; Boyd, Olivia; Geidelberg, Lily; Illingworth, Chris J; Jackson, Chris; Pascall, David; Vattipally, Sreenu; Freeman, Timothy M; Hsu, Sharon N; Lindsey, Benjamin B; Tovar-Corona, Jaime M; Cox, MacGregor; Abudahab, Khalil; Menegazzo, Mirko; Taylor, Ben EW; Yeats, Corin A; Mukaddas, Afrida; Wright, Derek W; de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo; Colquhoun, Rachel; Hill, Verity; Jackson, Ben; McCrone, JT; Medd, Nathan; Scher, Emily; Keatley, Jon-Paul; Curran, Tanya; Morgan, Sian; Maxwell, Patrick; Smith, Ken; Eldirdiri, Sahar; Kenyon, Anita; Holmes, Alison H; Price, James R; Wyatt, Tim; Mather, Alison E; Skvortsov, Timofey; Hartley, John A; Guest, Martyn; Kitchen, Christine; Merrick, Ian; Munn, Robert; Bertolusso, Beatrice; Lynch, Jessica; Vernet, Gabrielle; Kirk, Stuart; Wastnedge, Elizabeth; Stanley, Rachael; Idle, Giles; Bradley, Declan T; Poyner, Jennifer; Mori, Matilde; Jones, Owen; Wright, Victoria; Brooks, Ellena; Churcher, Carol M; Fragakis, Mireille; Galai, Katerina; Jermy, Andrew; Judges, Sarah; McManus, Georgina M; Smith, Kim S; Westwick, Elaine; Attwood, Stephen W; Bolt, Frances; Davies, Alisha; De Lacy, Elen; Downing, Fatima; Edwards, Sue; Meadows, Lizzie; Jeremiah, Sarah; Smith, Nikki; Charalampous, Themoula; Patel, Amita; Berry, Louise; Boswell, Tim; Fleming, Vicki M; Howson-Wells, Hannah C; Joseph, Amelia; Khakh, Manjinder; Lister, Michelle M; Bird, Paul W; Fallon, Karlie; Helmer, Thomas; McMurray, Claire L; Odedra, Mina; Shaw, Jessica; Tang, Julian W; Willford, Nicholas J; Blakey, Victoria; Raviprakash, Veena; Sheriff, Nicola; Williams, Lesley-Anne; Feltwell, Theresa; Bedford, Luke; Cargill, James S; Hughes, Warwick; Moore, Jonathan; Stonehouse, Susanne; Atkinson, Laura; Lee, Jack CD; Shah, Divya; Alcolea, Adela; Ohemeng-Kumi, Natasha; Ramble, John; Sehmi, Jasveen; Williams, Rebecca; Chatterton, Wendy; Pusok, Monika; Everson, William; Castigador, Anibolina; Macnaughton, Emily; El Bouzidi, Kate; Lampejo, Temi; Sudhanva, Malur; Breen, Cassie; Sluga, Graciela; Ahmad, Shazaad SY; George, Ryan P; Machin, Nicholas W; Binns, Debbie; James, Victoria; Blacow, Rachel; Coupland, Lindsay; Smith, Louise; Barton, Edward; Padgett, Debra; Scott, Garren; Cross, Aidan; Mirfenderesky, Mariyam; Greenaway, Jane; Cole, Kevin; Clarke, Phillip; Duckworth, Nichola; Walsh, Sarah; Bicknell, Kelly; Impey, Robert; Wyllie, Sarah; Hopes, Richard; Bishop, Chloe; Chalker, Vicki; Gifford, Laura; Molnar, Zoltan; Auckland, Cressida; Evans, Cariad; Johnson, Kate; Partridge, David G; Raza, Mohammad; Baker, Paul; Bonner, Stephen; Essex, Sarah; Murray, Leanne J; Lawton, Andrew I; Burton-Fanning, Shirelle; Payne, Brendan AI; Waugh, Sheila; Gomes, Andrea N; Kimuli, Maimuna; Murray, Darren R; Ashfield, Paula; Dobie, Donald; Ashford, Fiona; Best, Angus; Crawford, Liam; Cumley, Nicola; Mayhew, Megan; Megram, Oliver; Mirza, Jeremy; Moles-Garcia, Emma; Percival, Benita; Ensell, Leah; Lowe, Helen L; Maftei, Laurentiu; Mondani, Matteo; Chaloner, Nicola J; Cogger, Benjamin J; Easton, Lisa J; Huckson, Hannah; Lewis, Jonathan; Lowdon, Sarah; Malone, Cassandra S; Munemo, Florence; Mutingwende, Manasa; Nicodemi, Roberto; Podplomyk, Olga; Somassa, Thomas; Beggs, Andrew; Richter, Alex; Cormie, Claire; Dias, Joana; Forrest, Sally; Higginson, Ellen E; Maes, Mailis; Young, Jamie; Davidson, Rose K; Jackson, Kathryn A; Turtle, Lance; Keeley, Alexander J; Ball, Jonathan; Byaruhanga, Timothy; Chappell, Joseph G; Dey, Jayasree; Hill, Jack D; Park, Emily J; Fanaie, Arezou; Hilson, Rachel A; Yaze, Geraldine; Afifi, Safiah; Beer, Robert; Maksimovic, Joshua; Masters, Kathryn McCluggage; Spellman, Karla; Bresner, Catherine; Fuller, William; Marchbank, Angela; Workman, Trudy; Shelest, Ekaterina; Debebe, Johnny; Sang, Fei; Zamudio, Marina Escalera; Francois, Sarah; Gutierrez, Bernardo; Vasylyeva, Tetyana I; Flaviani, Flavia; Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon; Smollett, Katherine L; Broos, Alice; Mair, Daniel; Nichols, Jenna; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Tong, Lily; Tsatsani, Ioulia; O’Brien, Sarah; Rushton, Steven; Sanderson, Roy; Perkins, Jon; Cotton, Seb; Gallagher, Abbie; Allara, Elias; Pearson, Clare; Bibby, David; Dabrera, Gavin; Ellaby, Nicholas; Gallagher, Eileen; Hubb, Jonathan; Lackenby, Angie; Lee, David; Manesis, Nikos; Mbisa, Tamyo; Platt, Steven; Twohig, Katherine A; Morgan, Mari; Aydin, Alp; Baker, David J; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Prosolek, Sophie J; Rudder, Steven; Baxter, Chris; Carvalho, Sílvia F; Lavin, Deborah; Mariappan, Arun; Radulescu, Clara; Singh, Aditi; Tang, Miao; Morcrette, Helen; Bayzid, Nadua; Cotic, Marius; Balcazar, Carlos E; Gallagher, Michael D; Maloney, Daniel; Stanton, Thomas D; Williamson, Kathleen A; Manley, Robin; Michelsen, Michelle L; Sambles, Christine M; Studholme, David J; Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna; Eccles, Richard; Gemmell, Matthew; Gregory, Richard; Hughes, Margaret; Nelson, Charlotte; Rainbow, Lucille; Vamos, Edith E; Webster, Hermione J; Whitehead, Mark; Wierzbicki, Claudia; Angyal, Adrienn; Green, Luke R; Whiteley, Max; Bronner, Iraad F; Farr, Ben W; Lensing, Stefanie V; McCarthy, Shane A; Quail, Michael A; Redshaw, Nicholas M; Thurston, Scott AJ; Rowe, Will; Gaskin, Amy; Le-Viet, Thanh; Liddle, Jennifier; Birney, Ewan; Volz, Erik; Funk, Sebastian; Martincorena, Inigo; Barrett, Jeffrey C; Gerstung, Moritz |
| Publisher Information: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| Publication Year: | 2021 |
| Collection: | The University of Liverpool Repository |
| Description: | AbstractThe evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021. |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836 |
| Relation: | Collapse authors list. Vöhringer, Harald S, Sanderson, Theo, Sinnott, Matthew, De Maio, Nicola, Nguyen, Thuy, Goater, Richard, Schwach, Frank, Harrison, Ian, Hellewell, Joel, Ariani, Cristina V et al (show 923 more authors) , Gonçalves, Sonia, Jackson, David K, Johnston, Ian, Jung, Alexander W, Saint, Callum, Sillitoe, John, Suciu, Maria, Goldman, Nick, Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina, Abnizova, Irina, Aigrain, Louise, Alderton, Alex, Ali, Mozam, Allen, Laura, Amato, Roberto, Anderson, Ralph, Ariani, Cristina, Austin-Guest, Siobhan, Bala, Sendu, Barrett, Jeffrey, Bassett, Andrew, Battleday, Kristina, Beal, James, Beale, Mathew, Beaver, Charlotte, Bellany, Sam, Bellerby, Tristram, Bellis, Katie, Berger, Duncan, Berriman, Matt, Betteridge, Emma, Bevan, Paul, Binley, Simon, Bishop, Jason, Blackburn, Kirsty, Bonfield, James, Boughton, Nick, Bowker, Sam, Brendler-Spaeth, Timothy, Bronner, Iraad, Brooklyn, Tanya, Buddenborg, Sarah Kay, Bush, Robert, Caetano, Catarina, Cagan, Alex, Carter, Nicola, Cartwright, Joanna, Monteiro, Tiago Carvalho, Chapman, Liz, Chillingworth, Tracey-Jane, Clapham, Peter, Clark, Richard, Clarke, Adrian, Clarke, Catriona, Cole, Daryl, Cook, Elizabeth, Coppola, Maria, Cornell, Linda, Cornwell, Clare, Corton, Craig, Crackett, Abby, Cranage, Alison, Craven, Harriet, Craw, Sarah, Crawford, Mark, Cutts, Tim, Dabrowska, Monika, Davies, Matt, Davies, Robert, Dawson, Joseph, Day, Callum, Densem, Aiden, Dibling, Thomas, Dockree, Cat, Dodd, David, Dogga, Sunil, Dorman, Matthew, Dougan, Gordon, Dougherty, Martin, Dove, Alexander, Drummond, Lucy, Drury, Eleanor, Dudek, Monika, Durham, Jillian, Durrant, Laura, Easthope, Elizabeth, Eckert, Sabine, Ellis, Pete, Farr, Ben, Fenton, Michael, Ferrero, Marcella, Flack, Neil, Fordham, Howerd, Forsythe, Grace, Foulser, Luke, Francis, Matt, Fraser, Audrey, Freeman, Adam, Galvin, Anastasia, Garcia-Casado, Maria, Gedny, Alex, Girgis, Sophia, Glover, James, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gould, Oliver, Gourtovaia, Marina, Gray, Andy, Gray, Emma, Griffiths, Coline, Gu, Yong, Guerin, Florence, Hamilton, Will, Hanks, Hannah, Harrison, Ewan, Harrott, Alexandria, Harry, Edward, Harvison, Julia, Heath, Paul, Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Anastasia, Hobbs, Rhiannon, Holland, Dave, Holmes, Sarah, Hornett, Gary, Hough, Nicholas, Huckle, Liz, Hughes-Hallet, Lena, Hunter, Adam, Inglis, Stephen, Iqbal, Sameena, Jackson, Adam, Jackson, David, James, Keith, Jamrozy, Dorota, Verdejo, Carlos Jimenez, Jones, Matthew, Kallepally, Kalyan, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Keely, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon, Keith, Alan, King, Alison, Kitchin, Lucy, Kleanthous, Matt, Klimekova, Martina, Korlevic, Petra, Krasheninnkova, Ksenia, Lane, Greg, Langford, Cordelia, Laverack, Adam, Law, Katharine, Lawniczak, Mara, Lensing, Stefanie, Leonard, Steven, Letchford, Laura, Lewis, Kevin, Lewis-Wade, Amanah, Liddle, Jennifer, Lin, Quan, Lindsay, Sarah, Linsdell, Sally, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Long, Rhona, Lovell, Jamie, Lovell, Jon, Ludden, Catherine, Mack, James, Maddison, Mark, Makunin, Aleksei, Mamun, Irfan, Mansfield, Jenny, Marriott, Neil, Martin, Matt, Mayho, Matthew, McCarthy, Shane, McClintock, Jo, McGuigan, Samantha, McHugh, Sandra, McMinn, Liz, Meadows, Carl, Mobley, Emily, Moll, Robin, Morra, Maria, Morrow, Leanne, Murie, Kathryn, Nash, Sian, Nathwani, Claire, Naydenova, Plamena, Neaverson, Alexandra, Nelson, Rachel, Nerou, Ed, Nicholson, Jon, Nimz, Tabea, Noell, Guillaume G, O’Meara, Sarah, Ohan, Valeriu, Oliver, Karen, Olney, Charles, Ormond, Doug, Oszlanczi, Agnes, Palmer, Steve, Pang, Yoke Fei, Pardubska, Barbora, Park, Naomi, Parmar, Aaron, Patel, Gaurang, Patel, Minal, Payne, Maggie, Peacock, Sharon, Petersen, Arabella, Plowman, Deborah, Preston, Tom, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael, Rajan, Diana, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Rance, Richard, Rawlings, Suzannah, Redshaw, Nicholas, Reynolds, Joe, Reynolds, Mark, Rice, Simon, Richardson, Matt, Roberts, Connor, Robinson, Katrina, Robinson, Melanie, Robinson, David, Rogers, Hazel, Rojo, Eduardo Martin, Roopra, Daljit, Rose, Mark, Rudd, Luke, Sadri, Ramin, Salmon, Nicholas, Saul, David, Schwach, Frank, Scott, Carol, Seekings, Phil, Shirley, Lesley, Simms, Alison, Sinnott, Matthew, Sivadasan, Shanthi, Siwek, Bart, Sizer, Dale, Skeldon, Kenneth, Skelton, Jason, Slater-Tunstill, Joanna, Sloper, Lisa, Smerdon, Nathalie, Smith, Chris, Smith, Christen, Smith, James, Smith, Katie, Smith, Michelle, Smith, Sean, Smith, Tina, Sneade, Leighton, Soria, Carmen Diaz, Sousa, Catarina, Souster, Emily, Sparkes, Andrew, Spencer-Chapman, Michael, Squares, Janet, Stanley, Robert, Steed, Claire, Stickland, Tim, Still, Ian, Stratton, Michael R, Strickland, Michelle, Swann, Allen, Swiatkowska, Agnieszka, Sycamore, Neil, Swift, Emma, Symons, Edward, Szluha, Suzanne, Taluy, Emma, Tao, Nunu, Taylor, Katy, Taylor, Sam, Thompson, Stacey, Thompson, Mark, Thomson, Mark, Thomson, Nicholas, Thurston, Scott, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Toombs, Dee, Topping, Benjamin, Tovar-Corona, Jaime, Ungureanu, Daniel, Uphill, James, Urbanova, Jana, Van Vuuren, Philip Jansen, Vancollie, Valerie, Voak, Paul, Walker, Danielle, Walker, Matthew, Waller, Matt, Ward, Gary, Weatherhogg, Charlie, Webb, Niki, Weldon, Danni, Wells, Alan, Wells, Eloise, Westwood, Luke, Whipp, Theo, Whiteley, Thomas, Whitton, Georgia, Whitwham, Andrew, Widaa, Sara, Williams, Mia, Wilson, Mark, Wright, Sean, Robson, Samuel C, Connor, Thomas R, Loman, Nicholas J, Golubchik, Tanya, Martinez Nunez, Rocio T, Bonsall, David, Rambaut, Andrew, Snell, Luke B, Ludden, Catherine, Corden, Sally, Nastouli, Eleni, Nebbia, Gaia, Lythgoe, Katrina, Torok, M Estee, Goodfellow, Ian G, Prieto, Jacqui A, Saeed, Kordo, Houlihan, Catherine, Frampton, Dan, Hamilton, William L, Witney, Adam A, Bucca, Giselda, Pope, Cassie F, Moore, Catherine, Thomson, Emma C, Harrison, Ewan M, Smith, Colin P, Rogan, Fiona, Beckwith, Shaun M, Murray, Abigail, Singleton, Dawn, Eastick, Kirstine, Sheridan, Liz A, Randell, Paul, Jackson, Leigh M, Gonçalves, Sónia, 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ISSN 0028-0836, 1476-4687 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-021-04069-y |
| Availability: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3154532/; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04069-y |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.128E8BFD |
| Database: | BASE |