| Title: |
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
| Authors: |
Wang, Haidong; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O.; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Afshin, Ashkan; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibthiel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Aiyar, Sneha; Akanda, Shafqat; Akinyemiju, Tomi F.; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al Lami, Faris Hasan; Alabed, Samer; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alasfoor, Deena; Aldridge, Robert William; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed M.; Alkaabi, Juma M.; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allam, Shalini D.; Allebeck, Peter; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Martin, Elena Alvarez; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Ameh, Emmanuel A.; Amini, Erfan; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Anber, Nahla; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Ansari, Hossein; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Arnlov, Johan; Arora, Megha; Al Artaman; Aryal, Krishna Kumar; Asayesh, Hamid; Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Assadi, Reza; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Atre, Sachin R.; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Balalla, Shivanthi; Barac, Aleksandra; Barber, Ryan M.; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.; Barnighausen, Till; Barquera, Simon; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H.; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Bejot, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bennett, James R.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Benson, Jennifer; Berhane, Adugnaw; Berhe, Derbew Fikadu; Bernabe, Eduardo; Beuran, Mircea; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhansali, Anil; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bikbov, Boris; Birungi, Charles; Biryukov, Stan; Bisanzio, Donal; Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie; Bjerregaard, Peter; Blosser, Christopher D.; Boneya, Dube Jara; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert R. A.; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Brugha, Traolach S.; Bukhman, Gene; Negesa, Lemma; Bulto, Bulto; Bumgarner, Blair Randal; Burch, Michael; Butt, Zahid A.; Cahill, Leah E.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo; Car, Josip; Car, Mate; Crdenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O.; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Carter, Austin; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castro, Franz F.; Castro, Ruben Estanislao; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Chen, Honglei; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Chitheer, Abdulaal A.; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J.; Colquhoun, Samantha M.; Coresh, Josef; Criqui, Michael H.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Crump, John A.; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I.; das Neves, Jose; Davey, Gail; Davitoiu, Dragos V.; Davletov, Kairat; de Courten, Barbora; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Deiparine, Selina; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Dey, Subhojit; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Dherani, Mukesh K.; Diaz-Torne, Cesar; Ding, Eric L.; Dixit, Priyanka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Huyen Phuc Do; Doku, David Teye; Donnelly, Christl Ann; Priscila, Kadine; dos Santos, Bender; Douwes-Schultz, Dirk; Driscoll, Tim R.; Duan, Leilei; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; Enayati, Ahmadali; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshetie, Setegn; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Fanuel, Belayneh Bekele Fanuel; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G.; Fernandes, Joao C.; Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foigt, Nataliya; Foreman, Kyle J.; Frank, Tahvi; Franklin, Richard C.; Fraser, Maya; Friedman, Joseph; Frostad, Joseph J.; Fullman, Nancy; Furst, Thomas; Furtado, Joao M.; Futran, Neal D.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Gambashidze, Ketevan; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos; Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday; Gelaye, Amha Admasie; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Gemechu, Bikila Lencha; Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw; Genova-Maleras, Ricard; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gething, Peter W.; Gibney, Katherine B.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gillum, Richard F.; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Girma, Bedilu Weji; Giussani, Giorgia; Goenka, Shifalika; Gomez, Beatriz; Gona, Philimon N.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho; Graetz, Nicholas; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tanush; Gupta, Vipin; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast; Hakuzimana, Alex; Halasa, Yara A.; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome; Hamidi, Samer; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hancock, Jamie; Handal, Alexis J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L.; Hareri, Habtamu Abera; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; He, Fei; Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hilawe, Esayas Haregot; Hoek, Hans W.; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hotez, Peter J.; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Htet, Aung Soe; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Hsiang; Huang, John J.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Igumbor, Ehimario Uche; Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile; Inoue, Manami; Irenso, Asnake Ararsa; Irvine, Caleb M. S.; Islam, Nazrul; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jaenisch, Thomas; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N.; Jha, Vivekanand; Jin, Ye; John, Denny; John, Oommen; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte; Jonas, Jost B.; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Karimi, Seyed M.; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kastor, Anshul; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kazanjan, Konstantin; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kereselidze, Maia; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Ketema, Ezra Belay; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khang, Young-Ho; Khera, Sahil; Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Kibret, Getiye Dejenu; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Cho-Il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Pauline; Kim, Sungroul; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kishawi, Sami; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A.; Kissoon, Niranjan; Kivimaki, Mika; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kuipers, Ernst J.; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel; Kulkarni, Veena S.; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumsa, Fekede Asefa; Kutz, Michael; Lachat, Carl; Lagat, Abraham K.; Lager, Anton Carl Jonas; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lambert, Nkurunziza; Lan, Qing; Lansingh, Van C.; Larson, Heidi J.; Larsson, Anders; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Lavados, Pablo M.; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leung, Janni; Leung, Ricky; Levi, Miriam; Li, Yongmei; Liao, Yu; Liben, Misgan Legesse; Lim, Stephen S.; Linn, Shai; Lipshultz, Steven E.; Liu, Shiwei; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lorch, Scott A.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A.; Ma, Stefan; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Machado, Isis Eloah; Mackay, Mark T.; Abd el Razek, Mohammed Magdy; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Mahdavi, Mahdi; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rajesh; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mantovani, Lorenzo G.; Manyazewal, Tsegahun; Mapoma, Chabila C.; Marczak, Laurie B.; Marks, Guy B.; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlndio; Massano, Joao; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mayosi, Bongani M.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; McGarvey, Stephen Theodore; McGrath, John J.; Mckee, Martin; Mehata, Suresh; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehta, Kala M.; Meier, Toni; Mekonnen, Tefera Chane; Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Mengistie, Mubarek Abera; Tadese, Desalegn; Menon, Mengistu Geetha R.; Menota, Bereket Gebremichael; Mensah, George A.; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Micha, Renata; Mikesell, Joseph; Miller, Ted R.; Mills, Edward J.; Minnig, Shawn; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke; Mishra, Shiva Raj; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mohammed, Kedir Endris Shafiu Mohammed; Mohan, Murali B. V.; Mohanty, Sanjay K.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Assaye, Ashagre Molla; Mollenkopf, Sarah K.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez; Montico, Marcella; Mooney, Meghan D.; Moore, Ami R.; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Mori, Rintaro; Morrison, Shane D.; Mruts, Kalayu Birhane; Mueller, Ulrich O.; Mullany, Erin; Muller, Kate; Venkata, Gudlavalleti; Murthy, Satyanarayana; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagata, Chie; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naidoo, Kovin S.; Nanda, Lipika; Nangia, Vinay; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Negoi, Ionut; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Nomura, Marika; Vuong Minh Nong; Norheim, Ole F.; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques N.; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; O'Donnell, Martin J.; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Okoro, Anselm; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew Toyin; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron; Ota, Erika; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel; Pa, Mahesh; Pacella, Rosana E.; Pakhale, Smita; Pana, Adrian; Panda, Basant Kumar; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Kee; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Patel, Tejas; Patten, Scott B.; Patton, George C.; Paudel, Deepak; Pereira, David M.; Perez-Padilla, Rogelio; Perez-Ruiz, Fernando; Perico, Norberto; Pervaiz, Aslam; Pesudovs, Konrad; Peterson, Carrie Beth; Petri, William Arthur; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Piel, Frederic B.; Pigott, David M.; Pishgar, Farhad; Plass, Dietrich; Polinder, Suzanne; Popova, Svetlana; Postma, Maarten J.; Poulton, Richie G.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prasad, Narayan; Purwar, Manorama; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rabiee, Rynaz H. S.; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Rana, Saleem M.; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya; Rawaf, Salman; Ray, Sarah E.; Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago; Rehm, Jugen; Reiner, Robert C.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Ribeiro, Antonio L.; Rokni, Mohammad Bagher; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roth, Gregory A.; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Saadat, Soheil; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Sadat, Nafis; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safiri, Sare Safi Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahathevan, Ramesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salama, Joseph; Salamati, Payman; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan Ramon; Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Santos, Itamar S.; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete I.; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schutte, Aletta E.; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Seedat, Soraya; Seid, Abdulbasit Musa; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson E.; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shaheen, Amira; Shahraz, Saeid; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsipour, Mansour; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Sharma, Jayendra; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Shen, Jiabin; Shetty, Balakrishna P.; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Shrime, Mark G.; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silberberg, Donald H.; Silpakit, Naris; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Joao Pedro; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Sindi, Shireen; Singh, Abhishek; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Sligar, Amber; Smith, David L.; Sobaih, Badr H. A.; Sobngwi, Eugene; Soneji, Samir; Soriano, Joan B.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steel, Nicholas; Stein, Dan J.; Steiner, Caitlyn; Stockl, Heidi; Stokes, Mark Andrew; Strong, Mark; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader; Sunguya, Bruno F.; Sur, Patrick J.; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L.; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Tadese, Fentaw; Tandon, Nikhil; Tanne, David; Tarajia, Musharaf; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taveira, Nuno; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekelab, Tesfalidet; Tekle, Dejen Yemane; Shifa, Girma Temam; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tesema, Cheru Leshargie; Tesssema, Belay; Theis, Andrew; Thomas, Nihal; Thompson, Alex H.; Thomson, Alan J.; Thrift, Amanda G.; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Tortajada, Miguel; Tran, Bach Xuan; Trujillo, Thomas Truelsen Ulises; Tsilimparis, Nikolaos; Tuem, Kald Beshir; Tuzcu, Emin Murat; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi; van Boven, Job F. M.; Varakin, Yuri Y.; Varughese, Santosh; Vasankari, Tommi; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidavalur, Ramesh; Violante, Francesco S.; Vishnu, Abhishek; Vladimirov, Sergey K.; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Waid, Jillian L.; Wakayo, Tolassa; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Weichenthal, Scott; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G.; Werdecker, Andrea; Wesana, Joshua; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wilkinson, James D.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Woldeyes, Belete Getahun; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Workicho, Abdulhalik; Workie, Shimelash Bitew; Xavier, Denis; Xu, Gelin; Yaghoubi, Mohsen; Yakob, Bereket; Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene; Yan, Lijing L.; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Ye, Pengpeng; Yimam, Hassen Hamid; Yip, Paul; Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zeeb, Hajo; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zhang, Xueying; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J. L. |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: Repositorio UC |
| Subject Terms: |
05 Gender Equality; 03 Good Health and Well-being; 05 Igualdad de género; 03 Salud y bienestar |
| Description: |
Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. ; Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/101331; WOS:000410630000002 |
| Availability: |
https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/101331 |
| Rights: |
acceso restringido |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.1622C977 |
| Database: |
BASE |