| Description: |
We conduct a systematic tidal disruption event (TDE) demographics analysis using the largest sample of optically selected TDEs. A flux-limited, spectroscopically complete sample of 33 TDEs is constructed using the Zwicky Transient Facility over 3 yr (from 2018 October to 2021 September). We infer the black hole (BH) mass (M BH) with host galaxy scaling relations, showing that the sample M BH ranges from 105.1 M ⊙ to 108.2 M ⊙. We developed a survey efficiency corrected maximum volume method to infer the rates. The rest-frame g-band luminosity function can be well described by a broken power law of ϕ ( L g ) ∝ L g / L bk 0.3 + L g / L bk 2.6 − 1 , with L bk = 1043.1 erg s−1. In the BH mass regime of 105.3 ≲ (M BH/M ⊙) ≲ 107.3, the TDE mass function follows ϕ ( M BH ) ∝ M BH − 0.25 , which favors a flat local BH mass function ( dn BH / d log M BH ≈ constant ). We confirm the significant rate suppression at the high-mass end (M BH ≳ 107.5 M ⊙), which is consistent with theoretical predictions considering direct capture of hydrogen-burning stars by the event horizon. At a host galaxy mass of M gal ∼ 1010 M ⊙, the average optical TDE rate is ≈3.2 × 10−5 galaxy−1 yr−1. We constrain the optical TDE rate to be [3.7, 7.4, and 1.6] × 10−5 galaxy−1 yr−1 in galaxies with red, green, and blue colors. |
| Relation: |
https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/22162/1/Yao_2023_ApJL_955_L6.pdf; Yao, Y ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-6747-8509 , Ravi, V ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-7252-5485 , Gezari, S ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-3703-5154 , van Velzen, S ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-3859-8074 , Lu, W ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-1568-7461 , Schulze, S ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-6797-1889 , Somalwar, JJ ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-8426-5732 , Kulkarni, SR ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-5390-8563 , Hammerstein, E ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-5698-8703 , Nicholl, M ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-2555-3192 , Graham, MJ ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-3168-0139 , Perley, DA ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-8472-1996 , Cenko, SB ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-1673-970X , Stein, R ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-2434-0387 , Ricarte, A ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-5287-0452 , Chadayammuri, U, Quataert, E ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-9185-5044 , Bellm, EC ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-8018-5348 , Bloom, JS ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-7777-216X , Dekany, R ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-5884-7867 , Drake, AJ ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-0228-6594 , Groom, SL ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-5668-3507 , Mahabal, AA ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-2242-0244 , Prince, TA ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-8850-3627 , Riddle, R ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-0387-370X , Rusholme, B ORCID logoorcid:0000-0001-7648-4142 , Sharma, Y ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-4531-1745 , Sollerman, J ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-1546-6615 and Yan, L ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-1710-9339 (2023) Tidal Disruption Event Demographics with the Zwicky Transient Facility: Volumetric Rates, Luminosity Function, and Implications for the Local Black Hole Mass Function. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 955 (1). pp. 1-31. ISSN 2041-8205 |